greek mythology- midterm 1, reading comp

Which story features Prometheus tricking Zeus into choosing between two piles of ox remains?

Prometheus and the Great Beef Trick

Who were the four sons of Iapetos and Klymene?

Menoitios, Atlas, Prometheus, and Epimetheus.

Why was Menoitios punished by Zeus?

His excessive pride led Zeus to strike him down into Erebos with lightning.

What punishment did Zeus give Atlas?

He was forced to hold up the sky on his shoulders at the edge of the world.

Where did Prometheus divide an ox to establish the rules of sacrifice?

Mekone.

How did Prometheus trick Zeus during the sacrifice?

He hid the desirable meat inside unattractive parts of the ox and covered the bones with appealing fat.

Which pile did Zeus choose during the sacrifice?

The pile containing bones covered in shiny fat.

What did the Great Beef Trick explain about Greek sacrifices?

Humans keep the meat while burning bones and fat as offerings to the gods.

Why did Zeus take fire away from humanity?

To punish humans after Prometheus deceived him during the sacrifice.

How did Prometheus return fire to humanity?

He stole fire from Zeus and concealed it inside a hollow fennel stalk.

Which story describes a god hiding fire inside a plant stalk?

The Theft of Fire in the Prometheus myth.

Why did Zeus create Pandora?

To punish humanity for receiving the stolen fire.

Which god physically created Pandora?

Hephaistos, who shaped her from clay.

What did Athena contribute to Pandora?

Beautiful clothing and floral decorations.

What did Aphrodite contribute to Pandora?

Charm, desire, and emotional worries.

What did Hermes contribute to Pandora?

Deceptive speech, falsehoods, and a cunning mind.

Why was Pandora called the Gift of All?

Each Olympian god contributed something to her creation.

Who received Pandora as a gift from Zeus?

Epimetheus.

What warning did Epimetheus ignore?

Prometheus warned him never to accept gifts from Zeus.

What happened when Pandora opened the jar?

Sickness, suffering, hard work, and other troubles escaped into the world.

What remained inside Pandora's jar?

Elpis, or Hope.

What major human experience does Pandora's story explain?

The origin of suffering and hardship in human life.

Which story features a golden apple that causes a dispute between goddesses?

The Judgment of Paris, which leads to the Trojan War.

Who threw the golden apple that began the dispute?

Strife.

Which three goddesses competed for the golden apple?

Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite.

Who was chosen to judge which goddess was the fairest?

Paris, also called Alexander, a Trojan prince.

What did Hera promise Paris?

Supreme power.

What did Athena promise Paris?

Victory in war.

What did Aphrodite promise Paris?

The love of Helen, the most beautiful mortal woman.

Why did Paris choose Aphrodite?

He wanted Helen as his wife.

Who was Helen married to before leaving with Paris?

Menelaus, king of Sparta.

How did Paris violate the rules of hospitality?

He took Helen and treasure from Menelaus's household after being welcomed as a guest.

Why did the Greek kings join the expedition against Troy?

They were called upon to honor an earlier oath supporting Helen's marriage.

Who was the brother of Menelaus and leader of the Greek army?

Agamemnon.

How did Odysseus attempt to avoid joining the Trojan War?

He pretended to be insane by plowing a field and sowing salt.

Who exposed Odysseus's false insanity?

Palamedes.

How did Palamedes prove Odysseus was pretending to be insane?

He placed Telemachus in front of the plow, and Odysseus swerved to protect his son.

What prophecy was made about the length of the Trojan War?

The war would last ten years.

Who was the king accidentally wounded by Achilles in Mysia?

Telephus.

How was Telephus eventually healed?

Achilles used rust from his spear to heal the wound.

Why were the Greek ships unable to sail from Aulis?

The winds had stopped because Artemis was displeased.

What did Calchas tell Agamemnon he must do to restore the winds?

Sacrifice his daughter Iphigenia to Artemis.

What happened to Iphigenia at the altar?

Artemis rescued her, substituted a deer, and made her a priestess.

Who was the first Greek warrior to land at Troy?

Protesilaus.

Who killed Protesilaus?

Hector.

Why did Achilles withdraw from battle in the Iliad?

Agamemnon took Briseis from him, insulting his honor.

What happened to the Greeks while Achilles refused to fight?

The Trojans gained the advantage and attacked the Greek ships.

Who wore Achilles's armor to fight the Trojans?

Patroclus.

Why did the Trojans initially retreat when Patroclus entered battle?

They believed Achilles had returned.

Which god helped bring about Patroclus's defeat?

Apollo.

Who killed Patroclus?

Hector.

What event caused Achilles to return to battle?

The death of Patroclus.

Who forged Achilles's new armor?

Hephaestus.

Who killed Hector in single combat?

Achilles.

Why did King Priam visit Achilles in the Greek camp?

To ransom Hector's body so his son could receive a proper burial.

Who killed Achilles, according to the provided Trojan War account?

Paris, with Apollo's assistance.

Which three requirements were connected to Troy's eventual defeat?

The bow of Heracles, the bones of Pelops, and the Palladium.

What was the Palladium?

A sacred statue associated with Troy's protection.

Who stole the Palladium from Troy?

Odysseus, with Helen's help.

What was the Trojan Horse?

A hollow wooden horse containing hidden Greek soldiers.

Why did the Trojans bring the wooden horse into their city?

They believed the Greeks had departed and the horse was a victory offering.

Who warned the Trojans against accepting the wooden horse?

Cassandra and Laocoön.

How did the Greeks finally conquer Troy?

Soldiers emerged from the horse at night, opened the gates, and allowed the Greek army into the city.

Which story describes Leto searching for a safe place to give birth?

The Homeric Hymn to Apollo.

Who were Apollo's parents?

Zeus and Leto.

Why were many islands afraid to welcome Leto?

They feared Apollo would become powerful and destroy their land.

Which island finally welcomed Leto?

Delos.

What promise convinced Delos to welcome Leto?

Leto swore Apollo would honor the island with a magnificent sanctuary and altar.

Which river did Leto swear her binding oath by?

The River Styx.

Why was Apollo's birth delayed for nine days and nights?

Hera prevented Eilithyia, the goddess of childbirth, from reaching Leto.

How did the other goddesses persuade Eilithyia to help Leto?

They sent Iris with a golden necklace.

What tree did Leto hold while giving birth to Apollo?

A palm tree.

What were Apollo's two major symbols or instruments?

The lyre and the curved bow.

What did Apollo declare his divine purpose would be?

To use the bow and lyre and reveal Zeus's will to mortals.

Who was Telphusa?

A spring nymph who tried to prevent Apollo from building his oracle near her waters.

Why did Telphusa deceive Apollo?

She wanted to preserve the fame and importance of her own spring.

Where did Telphusa persuade Apollo to build his temple instead?

Crisa, near Mount Parnassus.

What creature did Apollo encounter near his new temple?

A monstrous she-dragon.

How did Apollo defeat the she-dragon?

He killed it with arrows from his bow.

What is the connection between the dragon and the name Pytho?

The dragon's body decayed there, giving the place its name and Apollo his title Pythian.

How did Apollo punish Telphusa for deceiving him?

He covered her spring with rocks and built an altar beside it.

Why did Apollo approach a ship of Cretan sailors?

He needed priests to serve his new temple.

What animal did Apollo transform into when he boarded the Cretan ship?

A dolphin.

How did Apollo guide the Cretan sailors to his sanctuary?

He miraculously controlled their ship and brought it to Crisa.

What did Apollo do after revealing himself to the sailors?

He led them to his sanctuary while playing the lyre and appointed them as priests.

Which story features a king who fears a prophecy that his grandson will kill him?

The myth of Perseus.

Who was Perseus's grandfather?

Acrisius, king of Argos.

Who were Perseus's parents?

Zeus and Danaë.

Why did Acrisius imprison Danaë?

An oracle predicted that her son would eventually kill him.

How did Zeus reach Danaë despite her imprisonment?

He entered her chamber as a shower of gold.

What did Acrisius do when he discovered Perseus had been born?

He placed Danaë and Perseus inside a wooden chest and cast them into the sea.

Who rescued Danaë and Perseus on Seriphus?

Dictys, a fisherman.

Who was Polydectes?

The king of Seriphus who wanted to marry Danaë.

Why did Polydectes send Perseus after Medusa?

He wanted to remove Perseus so he could pursue Danaë.

What impossible gift did Perseus promise to obtain?

The head of Medusa.

Which gods helped Perseus on his quest?

Athena and Hermes.

Who were the Graeae?

Three elderly sisters who shared one eye and one tooth.

How did Perseus force the Graeae to help him?

He stole their shared eye and demanded information.

What magical equipment did Perseus receive from the nymphs?

Winged sandals, the kibisis bag, and Hades's cap of invisibility.