Chapter 16 American Stories (copy)

History

Stalemate

In a conflict, neither side has a clear path to victory

Emancipation Proclamation

A document signed by Abraham Lincoln declaring freedom for slaves

Enlist

to join

54th Massachusetts

Infantry regiment made up of African-American soldiers

Robert Gould Shaw

Commander of the 54th Massachusetts

Fort Wagner

A military outpost that guarded the port of Charleston where the 54th Massachusetts led an unsuccessful attack

William H. Carney

For his bravery in the fight at Fort Wagner, he became the first African-American to receive the congressional medal honor

Draft

Mandatory Military service

Exemptions

release from obligation to serve

Conscription act

a law concerning a military draft

Scapegoats

Individuals or groups who are blamed for the actions of others

Habeas corpus

The right of an arrested person to go before a judge prior to going to jail

Bonds

Certificates offered for sale with the promise that the purchaser will be paid back at a later date with interest

Legal tender act

an 1862 law that replaced currencies of individual banks with one national currency

Camp Douglas

Military prison in Illinois that held enemy confederate

Rations

Supplied food

Scurvy

A disease linked to malnutrition

Alton

Military prison in Illinois that held enemy soldiers

Quarantine

Keeping people with certain disease away from the general population

Elmira

Military prison in NY that held enemy confederate soldiers

Andersonville

Military prison in Georgia that held enemy union soldiers

Henry Wirz

Confederate prison commander who was later executed for war crimes

Ambrose burnside

Union general who lost the battle of Fredericksburg

Joseph Hooker

Union general who lost the battle of Chancellorsville

Chancellorsville

Site of a significant confederate victory

George Meade

Union general who became the commander of the army of the Potomac

Bluffs

Cliffs

John C. Pemberton

Confederate general who commanded forces at Vicksburg

David Porter

Union admiral who transported Grant’s troops at Vicksburg

Flotilla

Small Fleets

Battle of Vicksburg

Gave the union control of the Mississippi & split the confederacy in half

Battle of Gettysburg

Site of a famous 3 day battle which became the turning point in war

Cemetery Hill

A high vantage point that gave the union an advantage during the battle of Gettysburg

George Pickett

Confederate general who led a disastrous attack against union forces at Gettysburg

Gettysburg Address

Famous speech made by Abraham Lincoln on November 19,1863 to commemorate the loss of the union soldiers & to dedicate a cemetery

Ulysses S. Grant

Led the union to victory at Vicksburg then became commander of the whole union army

William T. Sherman

led the union’s march to the sea

Total War

A strategy where all the “rules of war” are ignored and all resources are devoted to defeating the enemy regardless of cost

Alexander Stephens

Vice president of the Confederate states of America

Appomattox Court House

Location where Robert E. Lee surrendered

Morphine

A highly addictive pain medicine

Veterans

people who had served in the military

13th amendment

Prohibited slavery in the United States

Servitude

being enslaved

Jurisdiction

The authority to enforce laws in a given area

14th amendment

Give African-Americans full equality under the law

15th amendment

Gave African-Americans voting rights

Reconstruction

rebuilding the south

John Wilkes Booth

An actor and confederate sympathizer who fatally shot Abraham Lincoln

Assassinated

To murder

Andrew Johnson

Succeeded Lincoln as president

Radical Republicans

Believed the former confederacy should be punished for seccession and the war

Casualties

Those killed or injured in war

Slavery Abolition Act

Law passed by Britain in 1833 that outlawed slavery throughout the empire

Morrill Act

Federal lands were sold with the money used to fund public colleges

Homestead Act

Provided land grants to small farmers