APUSH period 3

what was the cause of the 7 years war?

Britain and France want control over Ohio Valley

Governor Dinwiddie (VA)

sends Washington to Ohio Valley to start war

Albany Plan of Union

goal was to unite colonies, which didn't happen

what were the 3 effects of the seven years war?

1. Peace of Paris (1763) - France is kicked out and Britain gets Canada, Florida, and land to Mississippi river

2. colonists resented Britain soldiers and the soldiers thought little of the colonists

3. British debt- 122 million pounds

Pontiacs rebellion

ottawa tribes led a series of battles to drive British out of Ohio Valley

Proclamation of 1763

British Parliament prohibits settlement into Ohio Valley, colonists ignore it

Stamp Act (1765)

British starts to tax colonists

Quartering Act (1765)

troops sent to enforce and “protect” colonists against natives

Sons of Liberty

used violence and intimidation to enforce boycotts against British

Patrick Henry

patriot who believed in “no tax w/o rep” and American independence

sam Adams

patriot who helped create the Sons of Liberty

Stamp Act Congress (1765)

meeting held in NY where colonies gathered together to organize a united resistance of Stamp Act

Declaratory Act (1766)

law passed by British Parliament that stated British had total authority over laws on colonies

Townshend Acts (1767)

series of taxes on colonies passed by parliament

Tea Act (1773)

only tea from Dutch Easy India company could be purchased in colonies with a small tax

committees of correspondence

colonies unite to coordinate response against Tea Act, most governors agree

Boston tea party (1773)

“patriots” dump 92,000 pounds of tea into Boston Harbor in protest to Britains policies

continental Congress

angry colonists that came together in response to the Martial Law

Martial Law

declared that limited meetings were allowed between colonies

King George lll

responsible for taxes in colonies and ignoring the coloinsts

Continental association

general boycott of all british good

restraining act

forbid trade among the colonists

Lexington and Concord (1775)

1st battle of the american revolution

2nd continental Congress (1775)

government during the war, Continental army

Battle of Bunker Hill (1775)

British stupidity, attacks hill 3 times & lets Continental army escape

Battles of Trenton and Princeton (1776-77)

Washingtons army surprise attacks hessians during holiday, motivation for Americans

Valley Forge (1777-78)

Washington and Continental army spent a brutal winter

Battle of Saratoga (1777)

British don’t follow plan and army gets surrounded by Continental army, turning point in war

Battle of Yorktown (1781)

lord Cornwallis gets trapped at Yorktown waiting for supplies, he surrenders and war is over

republican motherhood

post revolutionary ideal, asserting that a women’s civic duty was to stay home and take care of family

deborah Sampson

disguised herself as a man in revolutionary war, challenging gender roles

abigail Adams

womens rights advocate who famously urged husband John Adams to remember the ladies in the new nations legal code

Articles of Confederation

1. each state had 1 vote (regardless of population)

2. no executive branch

3. no judicial branch

weakness of articles of confederation

1. gave too much power to states

2. ineffective way to govern the country

strengths of articles of confederation

land ordinance (1785) and northwest ordinance (1787) provided an orderly framework for western expansion and produced national revenue, democratic precedent

shays rebellion

causes: high taxes and debt

effects: U.S. constitution, exposure of national weakness

constitutional convention

everyone came together to fix the confederation

james Madison

“father of the constitution”, bill of rights, federalist papers, 4th president

great compromise

bicameral legislature, congress-senate 2 per state, house of representatives based on states population

federalism

balance powers between state and national government

electoral college

system to elect the president and vice president

feds vs anti

feds: believed in national government, constitution, rejected the bill of rights

anti: feared powerful/central government, demand bill of rights, fear of overreach

bill of rights

protects individual liberty

constitution address weaknesses of articles of confederation

built a stronger national government that collected taxes, regulate trade, enforce laws while protecting states

cabinet

4 departments (war, state, justice, treasury) and secretary of state and treasury

thomas Jefferson

secretary of state, strict construction, loved “common man”, laissez-faire economics, supported the French

alexander Hamilton

secretary of Treasury, hated the “common man”, hands-on government, loose construction, didn’t support the French

whiskey rebellion

tested federal authority over American taxes, Washington shut down immediately

treaty of greenville

secured land for expansion, established peace between Americans and natives, boosted federal authority

proclamation of neutrality

kept young nation out of euro war, established executive foreign policy power, fostered economic survival

jays treaty

avoided war with Britain, British evacuation out of America, sparked intense domestic division

treaty of san Lorenzo

opening the Mississippi river, defined borders between spain and America, promoted peace

laissez faire economics

minimal government interference in the economy, America should stay agricultural

government intervention (opp of laissez-faire)

america should be industrialized and supported by the government through taxes, tariffs, and a national bank

strict construction of constitution

powers to the government that specifically written in constitution, follow rule by rule, (expressed powers)

loose construction of constitution

government can expand its authority through implied powers

funding and assumption plan

federal government pay off debt from war, Hamilton wanted the U.S. to have financial reputation

bank of the United States

safe place to store funds, print currency, loans, Hamilton supported

protective tariffs

high taxes placed on foreign goods to make American goods less expensive, Hamilton wanted strong industrialization

democratic-republicans

more power to the people, agriculture, common man, states handle most (Jefferson)

federalists

more power to government, taxes and tarrifs, industrialization, loved the rich (Hamilton)

washingtons farewell address main features

2 term precedent, emphasized national unity, warning against political parties

ben Franklin and Washington apart of

second Continental Congress, American revolutionary war, constitutional convention

impressment

britain and France stopping U.S. ships to steal our goods and men

XYZ affair

america attempts to stop impressment, leads to bribery scandal with France (= war)

quasi-war (1798-1800)

undeclared naval war with France

alien enemies act

changed citizen ship from 5 to 14 years, gave right to president to deport dangerous non-citizens

sedition act

criminalized the writing of malicious writing against government

virginia and Kentucky resolutions

secret political statements by Jefferson and James Madison in strong opposition to the federal alien and sedition acts

1763

end of french-indian war, Britain shifts from loose policy to strict control, tensions rise

1776

declaration of independence of colonies

1781

battle of York town, surrender of British general Cornwallis, America wins war!

1783

treaty of Paris signed, officially ending war and recognization of America as an independent nation

1787

constitutional convention signed the U.S. constitution

1789

washington as 1st president, country working officially under constitution

1798

passage of alien and sedition acts by John Adams