Lesson 2: THE PERIODIC TABLE

valence electrons /ˈveɪləns ɪˈlektrɑːnz/ (noun)

Electron hóa trị; English: electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that can participate in chemical bonding. Example: The number of valence electrons influences an element's chemical reactivity.

bond formation /bɑːnd fɔːrˈmeɪʃən/ (noun)

Sự hình thành liên kết; English: the process by which atoms form chemical bonds with one another. Example: Electron sharing plays an important role in covalent bond formation.

outermost shell /ˈaʊtərmoʊst ʃel/ (noun phrase)

Lớp electron ngoài cùng; English: the electron shell farthest from the nucleus. Example: The electrons in the outermost shell are especially important in chemical bonding.

metallic luster /məˈtælɪk ˈlʌstər/ (noun)

Ánh kim; English: the shiny appearance characteristic of many metals. Example: The freshly polished metal has a bright metallic luster.

blows of a hammer /bloʊz əv ə ˈhæmər/ (noun phrase)

Những cú đập của búa; English: impacts made by striking something with a hammer. Example: The metal can withstand repeated blows of a hammer without shattering.

definitive quality /dɪˈfɪnətɪv ˈkwɑːləti/ (noun phrase)

Đặc điểm mang tính quyết định/đặc trưng rõ ràng; English: a characteristic that clearly distinguishes or defines something. Example: Electrical conductivity is an important quality used to distinguish many metals.