APHUG VOCAB 2

Aging Population

A population with a growing share/amount of older people

Boserup Theory

Population growth drives agricultural change

Carrying Capacity

The maximum population an environment can support without degrading its natural resources

CBR (Crude Birth Rate)

Number of live births per 1,000 people in a population in one year

CDR (Crude Death Rate)

Number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in one year

Demography

Why a place grows or shrinks population wise

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

A five-stage model that explains how birth rates, death rates, and population growth change over time as societies develop

Dependency Ratio

The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 (dependents) compared to the working-age population (ages 15-64)

Doubling Time

The number of years it takes a population to double in size at a constant growth rate

Ecumene

The inhabited world. It is all the land humans have permanently settled, farmed, and built on

Epidemiological Transition Model

Why causes of death shift from infectious to chronic diseases as countries develop

Infant Mortality Rate

Number of deaths of children under one year old per 1,000 live births in a year

Mortality

The incidence of death within a population

Neo-Malthusian

Modern thinkers who revive Thomas Malthus's warning; arguing that rapid population growth will outpace not just food but all resources

Population density – Agricultural, Physiological, Arithmetic

How much pressure humans are placing on productive land to sustain themselves

Population Explosion

The rapid growth of the world's human population during the past century

Population Policy – Pro-Natalist vs. Anti-Natalist

Policies which are designed with the purpose of increasing or decreasing the birth rate/fertility

Population pyramid

Bar graph that shows a population's age and sex structure

Rate of natural increase

Births minus deaths as a percentage of population

Replacement level

A TFR of about 2.1 is replacement level fertility, meaning the population replaces itself without growing or shrinking

TFR

Total Fertility Rate

Standard of living

Level of wealth, comfort, material goods, and access to services

Zero population growth

Births and deaths are roughly equal, so the population holds steady