test 1 - freshwater eco

population condensation location

coasts, near major water sources

water withdrawal

water diverted/removed from a surface/ground water source

water consumption

use of water that doesn’t return to stream channel

sublimination

water goes directly from a solid to a gas (low pressure situations)

deposition

water goes directly from gas to a solid

fog drop

droplets of water from fog adhere to the ground

seepage

underground water reaches surface

watershed

an area of land where all the water flows into the same body

• strahler’s stream order

general size indicator, does not dictate stream strength

used to calculate how much water is flowing by subsection

discharge: area x velocity

river source

the spring from which the river/stream originates, or other point of origin of a stream

river mouth

often triangular area where rivers/streams flow into another body of water

zone of erosion

areas where sediment is being washed downstream

zone of deposition

area where sediment settles out of the water

point bar

area of deposition that forms on the inner side of expanding streams

pool

deeper, slow zone in the stream

run

area with little turbulence

thawleg

where the most rapid water flows

bank full

water level where the stream is at the top of its banks

wetlands

area innundated/ saturated with surface or ground water that supports vegetation adapted to saturated conditions

how to identify a wetland

hydrology, soil, plants

hydrophytes

plants that grow in water

fen

nutrients from groundwater, peat

bog

nutrients from rain, peat, sphagnum moss, acidic pH due to rainfall

swamp

forested, sometimes flooded

marsh

soft stem, flooded

lentic

standing water

lotic

running water

lake

lentic, open body of water in a depression not in contact with the ocean

causes of lake formation

glaciers, tectonic movement, erosion, humans

glacier lakes

more circular

tectonic lakes

long and skinny (graben)

river erosion

horseshoe, oxbow (snakelike)

human made lakes

dams

lake zones

littoral benthos, pelagic photic, profundal aphotic, profundal benthos

littoral benthos organisms

feed on plants that require light (ex. crayfish)

pelagic photic zone organisms

very diverse, algae and zooplankton located here

profundal benthos zone organisms

bacteria, flying larvae, hard conditions, least diverse

how long is water in a lake?

lake retention time: R=V/L

lake stratification

layers formed in lake during the summer

dimictic

mix twice, cold temperature lakes

monomictric

mixes once, not cold enough to freeze in winter

polymictric

mix several times a year, mix with wind/storms and stratify again, mainly tropical

seiche

oscillation in the water level of a lake

langmuir circulation cells

wind pushes water, which goes to the sides, down into water, then back up onto surface

impacts of langmuir circulation

movement of small bodied organisms (ex. plankton), more food, less light

capillary fringe

located just above water table, allows water to stick to gaps, flows up

fossil water

a non renewable source, takes a VERY long time to fill. trapped in confined aquifers, many layers

permeability

gaps between layers