bsci370 test two EQUATIONS

abs. fitness (W) =

viability x fecundity

relative fitness (w) =

abs fitness of one / abs fitness of our reference genotype (biggest one)

selection coef (s) (selective disadvantage) (can be %)

1 - genotype relative fitness

relative fitness can ALSO =

1-s, 1+s

mean fitness of pop.

relative fitnesses

w11 w12 w22 (each abs fitness over biggest one)

new frequency of allele after selection

in positive selection

rate of adaptation

sp(1-p)

probability of fixation of a new beneficial mutation

2s

a beneficial mutation will increase in frequency from 10-90% in

4/s generations

s

strength of selection

q hat in overdominance

frequency of A2 at equilibrium

p hat in overdominance

equilibrium frequency of A1

mutation selection balance (dominant)

p hat = mu/s

mutation selection balance (recessive)

q hat = sqr root mu/s

equilibrium frequency in mutation selection balance

1- (mu/s)

fixation probability (new neutral)

1/2N

fixation probability (selected mutation)

|s| < 1/Ne

neutral

|s| > 1/Ne

removed by selection

|s| > 1/Ne LARGE

fixed by selection

phenotypic value =

genetic value + environmental value

breeders equation

narrow sense heritability

selection gradiet (beta)

change in mean phenotype (delta z hat)

phenotypic plasticity

genotype x environment interaction

number of nonsynonymous subsitution per nonsynonmous site

dN

under neutrality

dN = dS and dN/dS = pN/pS

dN/dS < 1

purifying selection

dN/dS > 1

positive selection

dN/dS > pN/pS

directional selection

dN/dS < pN/pS

purifying selection