Spanish Elementary I: Home, Pastimes, Numbers, and Grammar Review

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering Spanish emotions, sports, household rooms, chores, irregular verbs, ordinal numbers, high cardinal numbers, color agreement, and idiomatic expressions with 'tener' and 'hay'.

Estar alegre / contento/a

To be happy or content; describes a temporary emotional state using the verb estar.

Estar enojado/a

To be angry or mad; an emotional state that agrees in gender and number with the subject.

Estar preocupado/a

To be worried or concerned about someone or something.

Estar cansado/a

To be tired or fatigued, conjugated with the verb estar.

Estar enfermo/a

To be sick or ill; used with estar to describe a physical health condition.

El verbo gustar

A verb meaning 'to be pleasing to'; takes indirect object pronouns (me, te, le, nos, os, les) and uses the singular form 'gusta' with singular nouns or infinitive verbs, and the plural form 'gustan' with plural nouns.

Pasatiempos

Hobbies and leisure activities, including caminar (walking), nadar (swimming), patinar (skating), ir de compras (shopping), and tomar el sol (sunbathing).

Jugar a (+ artículo determinado)

The verb construction used for playing sports, requiring the preposition 'a' and the definite article (e.g., jugar al fútbol, jugar al tenis, jugar al básquetbol).

El ático

The attic; the highest floor or space of a house located directly under the roof.

El sótano

The basement; the part of a house or building built entirely or partly below ground level.

La planta baja

The ground floor of a house or multi-story building.

El techo vs. El suelo

El techo refers to the ceiling or roof of a structure, whereas el suelo refers to the interior floor surface or ground.

Verbos 'yo-go'

A category of irregular verbs whose first-person singular (yo) present-tense form ends in '-go', such as hacer (hago), poner (pongo), salir (salgo), and traer (traigo).

Conocer

An irregular verb meaning 'to know' or 'to be acquainted with' a person or place; features an irregular yo form: 'conozco'.

Oír

An irregular verb meaning 'to hear', conjugated in the present tense as: oigo, oyes, oye, oímos, oís, oyen.

Venir

An irregular stem-changing and 'yo-go' verb meaning 'to come', conjugated as: vengo, vienes, viene, venimos, venís, vienen.

Decir

An irregular stem-changing and 'yo-go' verb meaning 'to say' or 'to tell', conjugated as: digo, dices, dice, decimos, decís, dicen.

El lavaplatos

The dishwasher; an electrical kitchen appliance used for washing dishes, cups, and utensils.

El inodoro y el lavabo

Bathroom fixtures: 'el inodoro' is the toilet, and 'el lavabo' is the washbasin or bathroom sink.

La cómoda

The dresser or chest of drawers; a piece of bedroom furniture with drawers used to store folded clothes.

Hacer la cama

A common household chore meaning 'to make the bed'.

Sacudir los muebles

A household chore meaning 'to dust the furniture'.

Pasar la aspiradora

A household cleaning chore meaning 'to vacuum'.

Poner la mesa

A household chore meaning 'to set the table' with plates, cups, and cutlery for a meal.

Viviendas en España (Nota cultural)

In Spain, especially in major cities like Madrid and Barcelona, most residents live in apartamentos (apartments) inside edificios (buildings), while urbanizaciones refer to residential developments outside city centers.

Los números ordinales

Adjectives indicating rank or position in a series: primero ($1.^{\circ}$), segundo ($2.^{\circ}$), tercero ($3.^{\circ}$), cuarto ($4.^{\circ}$), quinto ($5.^{\circ}$), sexto ($6.^{\circ}$), séptimo ($7.^{\circ}$), octavo ($8.^{\circ}$), noveno ($9.^{\circ}$), and décimo ($10.^{\circ}$). They agree in gender and number with the noun.

Apócope de primero y tercero

The grammatical rule where 'primero' and 'tercero' drop their final '-o' to become 'primer' and 'tercer' when placed directly before a masculine singular noun (e.g., el primer piso, el tercer examen).

Regla para ordinales superiores a décimo

Ordinal numbers beyond décimo ($10.^{\circ}$) are rarely used in Spanish; instead, a cardinal number is placed after the noun (e.g., el piso catorce, el siglo veintiuno).

Reglas de conteo: 'Mil' vs. 'Millón'

'Mil' ($1.000$) is invariable and never pluralized when counting (e.g., dos mil, tres mil). In contrast, 'millón' ($1.000.000$) pluralizes to 'millones' and requires the preposition 'de' before a following noun (e.g., un millón de autos).

Concordancia de los colores

Colors function as descriptive adjectives and agree in gender and number with the noun they describe. Colors ending in '-o' change to -a, -os, -as (e.g., rojo/roja/rojos/rojas); colors ending in consonants or other vowels only change for plural (e.g., verde/verdes, azul/azules).

Tener calor / Tener frío

Idiomatic expressions using the verb tener to express physical sensation of temperature: 'to be hot' (tener calor) or 'to be cold' (tener frío).

Tener ganas de (+ infinitivo)

An idiomatic expression meaning 'to feel like doing something' (e.g., Tengo ganas de descansar, Tengo ganas de comer).

Tener cuidado / Tener éxito

Idiomatic expressions using tener: 'tener cuidado' means 'to be careful', and 'tener éxito' means 'to be successful'.

Tener prisa / Tener razón

Idiomatic expressions using tener: 'tener prisa' means 'to be in a hurry', and 'tener razón' means 'to be right / correct'.

Tener que (+ infinitivo)

A verbal periphrasis used to express a specific, personal obligation: 'to have to (do something)' (e.g., Él tiene que lavar los platos).

Hay vs. Hay que (+ infinitivo)

'Hay' (from the verb haber) expresses existence meaning 'there is' or 'there are'. 'Hay que + infinitivo' is an impersonal structure expressing general necessity: 'it is necessary to' or 'one must' (e.g., Hay que poner la mesa).