Chapter 12 part 3 (Condensed notes)

made it off ChatGPT based on the condensed notes

What is a bipolar neuron?

Has one dendrite and one axon.

What is a unipolar neuron?

Contains one process.

What is a pseudounipolar neuron?

Its dendrite and axon are continuous on one side of the cell body.

What is an anaxonic neuron?

Contains no distinguishable axon.

What do sensory (afferent) neurons do?

Conduct impulses toward the CNS.

What do motor (efferent) neurons do?

Conduct impulses away from the CNS.

What do interneurons (association neurons) do?

Connect sensory and motor neurons within the CNS.

What is the general function of neuroglia?

Support, protect, nourish, and insulate neurons.

What are astrocytes?

The largest and most numerous glial cells in the CNS.

What are the four types of neuroglia found in the CNS?

Astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, and oligodendrocytes.

What are the functions of astrocytes?

Control the interstitial environment, repair tissue, guide development, support the CNS framework, and maintain the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

What is the function of microglia?

Phagocytize debris, waste products, and pathogens in the CNS.

Where do ependymal cells line?

Line the brain's ventricles and the spinal cord's central canal.

What do ependymal cells look like?

The epithelial cell looks like cuboidal to columnar.

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

Maintain cellular organization in gray matter and produce myelin in the CNS.

What are Schwann cells?

Myelin-forming cells that cover all peripheral axons, myelinated or unmyelinated.

What are satellite cells?

Enclose neuron cell bodies in PNS ganglia and regulate nutrient and waste exchange.

What does myelin do?

Speeds impulse conduction along axons.

What is the myelin sheath?

Layers of supporting-cell membranes wrapped around an axon.

What are nodes of Ranvier?

Gaps in the myelin sheath

What is a peripheral nerve?

A bundle of axons, wrapped in connective tissue.

Where are peripheral nerves located?

In the PNS.

Why are nerves organs?

Because they contain more than one kind of tissue.

What does endoneurium surrounds?

Axon

What does the perineurium surrounds?

Surrounds each fascicle (bundle of axons).

What do the epineurium surrounds?

Whole nerve.