THEMES

Players (P)

The different individuals, groups, and organizations involved in geographical issues and decisions, including international players such as intergovernmental organizations (IGOs), national and local government, private businesses, transnational corporations (TNCs), pressure groups, and non-governmental organizations (NGOs).

Attitudes and actions (A)

The varying attitudes towards geographical issues and how they influence actions, including policies, choice of strategy, and management methods. Influences on attitudes include identity, political and religious views, profit prioritization, social justice and equality, and attitudes towards the natural environment.

Futures and uncertainties (F)

The contrasting approaches to decision-making about geographical issues that will impact future generations, including business as usual, sustainable strategies, and radical alternatives. The choice of objective will have different effects on people and the environment, considering risk, resilience, and thresholds. The outcomes of decisions made today are uncertain due to scientific, demographic, economic, and political factors.

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