Global 1 Midterm UCSB

Globalization

is the growing interdependence of the world's economies, cultures, and populations, brought about by migration, an exchange of information, and trade

Hyperglobalists

They believe that the global marketplace has become so advanced and developed that the new global capitalism tends to denationalize strategic and economic activities; a new single global economy transcends and integrates the world’s major economic regions

Transformationalists

argue that globalization is a complex process, in which politics and culture are equally important. Globalization has no clear “end point.” Globalization drives inequality

Sceptics

also believe that economic drive globalization, differ in that they see national govt as capable of resisting economic globalization; more regionalization rather than globalization

McDonaldization

standardization of procedures, tastes, and values around the world; substitution of local with global products

Ex. Coca Cola

Cultural globalization

the diffusion of ideas, values, and cultural products across national borders

ex. the internet

Ideology

a set of beliefs that aspires to both explain the world and change it

Religion

comes from evolution of human capacity to see life from a broader perspective, often to have a conclusive idea to what happens after death; the birth of practices that stabilizes a relation to imagined spirits, gods, and divine power; sometimes includes a code of conduct, rituals, and sacred stories

Culture

systems of meaning composed of symbols, gestures, rituals, and performances that allow us to make sense of the world and share it with others or values, beliefs, and practices that people share in common to define themselves as a collective

World Religion

religions that possess characteristics that allow them to spread across great stretches of territory and penetrate deep into the societies occupying said territories

Ex. Christianity as it spread across European trade networks, and global colonial structures

Global history

adopts the interconnected world created by the process of globalization, providing the context for the analysis of any historical entity, phenomenon, or process

Mercator Projection

a map projection of the earth onto a cylinder by Gerardo Mercator

3-wave theory of globalization

globalization happened in 3 distinct phases across time, driven by technology, global powers, and international economy

International history

the study of international institutions and global governance

Imperialism

is an ideology or state policy of extending power and dominion over other people and territories, usually by direct territorial conquest or by gaining political and economic control

Ex. The Partition of Africa where there was a rapid division and colonization for African territory from multiple Western European powers

Colonialism

a state policy of control by one population or state over other people or territories, usually with the aim of economic and cultural dominance

Ex. British East India Company had exploitative policies that drained local wealth and dismantled traditional local businesses, eventually governing most of India.

Industrial capitalism

private individuals own the means of production

Global Scientific (R)evolution

a series of developments that marked the emergence of modern science, with notable achievements in mathematics, chemistry, biology, physics, and astronomy. Occurred between 1550 and 1700.

1st Industrial Revolution

marked transition to an economy and society dominated by industry and machine manufacturing from 1750 to 1850. The mechanization of power through steam and water

Ex. A key development in the industrialization of textile manufacturing through the spinning jenny, allowing workers to spin multiple threads at once.

2nd Industrial Revolution

technological revolution from the late 19th centuries to WW1 that brought advances in electronics, biotechnology, internet. Electrification creates mass production

Constitution

A set of principles that form the legal basis of a state or any other entity.

Primordial school of nationalism

Nations are fixed, natural, and ancient. Nationalism reawakens the pre-existing nations.

Modernization Theory (school of nationalism)

Nationalism is a modern phenomenon: print culture, urbanization, industrialization.

Civic nationalism

a form of nationalism state derives from active participation from inhabitants; try to be more inclusive (most Democratic states stress this practice)

Ex. Canada incorporates a multicultural framework where diverse cultural identities are recognized and celebrated.

Pan-nationalism

transcends borders and unites based on shared language, culture, and history; to belong to multiple communities outside of the country

Ex. Pan-Arabism as it seeks to unify Arab people from West Asia to North Africa.

Nation-state

a sovereign state that is ruled in the name of a community of people who identify as a nation

National self-determination

principle in international politics and law that people who identify as a nation have the right to sovereignty

Sovereignty

the authority of a state to govern itself or another state such as exercising power in the decision making progress of a state

Fascism

a form of far-right ultranationalism, characterized by an authoritarian government (typically, headed by a dictator), suppression of dissent, and forcible transformation of society and economy.

Soviet Nationalities Policy

A policy to promote cultural diversity of all ethnic groups within the Soviet Union, including sponsoring local literatures and creating administrative units for each group