Public Health Policy and Politics exam 1

Exposome refers to the cumulative exposures __________________________ that affect health behavior and health status.

Before birth until death

What is the primary role of public health policy in population health?

To influence access to resources, services, and infrastructure affecting health

Which is an example of policy as a determinant of health?

All of the above.

A city government is redesigning its urban infrastructure by adding bike lanes, improving public transportation, and increasing access to parks and green spaces. Public health officials are involved in the planning process to ensure that these changes promote physical activity and reduce chronic disease rates. This initiative is the best example of which public health concept?

Health in All Policies (HiAP)

Which of the following is NOT generally considered an inequality that drives disparities in health outcomes?

Genetics

What is the main goal of the "Health in All Policies" (HiAP) approach?

To integrate health considerations into policymaking across sectors

Which of the following best describes population health management (PHM)?

An approach aimed at improving health outcomes while managing costs

Which philosopher argued that health is foundational to a successful life and the ability for human beings to flourish?

Aristotle

The exposome affects which of the following aspects across the life course?

All of the above?

Which statement about social determinants of health is correct?

They include conditions such as education, housing, and employment

Which of the following is TRUE about the Electoral College system?

Most states use a winner-take-all system for electoral votes

What is the primary purpose of the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution?

To state the philosophical goals and purposes of the government

Baker v. Carr (1962) was a pivotal U.S. Supreme Court (USSC) case that, along with two subsequent USSC rulings, established the principle of __________ as settled law.

One person, one vote

Which of the following was a consequence of the Constitution's federal bicameral legislative branch of government?…….

All the above…….

In the United States, a(n) __________________ is a piece of legislation that is authored and introduced by a certified number of voters, and then voted upon by the population.

Initiative

Which of the following statements is NOT true concerning the Senate filibuster?

Article I of the Constitution defines the role of the filibuster.

Which of the following is NOT true according to the contemporary interpretation of the Bill of Rights?

The right to bear arms is a "collective right"

Which of the following statements is true regarding federal and state courts?

Rights under federal and state courts are not interchangeable.

A state legislature has not updated its electoral districts in over 50 years, despite major population shifts. Rural districts now have far fewer people than urban districts, giving rural voters more influence. A group of citizens challenge this system in court. What constitutional principle and case are most relevant to resolving this issue?

Equal protection and Baker v. Carr ("one person, one vote")

Which of the following factors regarding the judiciary affect(s) public policy?..

All of the above..

What is generally the final phase of policy making?

Policy modification

Which of the following is true regarding the individual steps within the process of policy making?

They often overlap with each other.

The power of the National Rifle Association (NRA), one of the most politically powerful lobbying associations, comes from its ability to ______ legislation.

Block

Which of the following branches can block a policy?

All of the above

What is a key characteristic of constitutional democracy in the United States?

Majority rule with constitutional limits and protections

In 1971, the voting age was reduced to 18 nationally. This was an example of an attempt at:

Increasing scope

Democratic pluralism has a bias since it favors:

The organized

According to __________ hierarchy of needs, most people's interests are centered on their own needs.

Maslow's

Robert Dahl's theory of democratic pluralism relied on the concept of:

Both of the above

Which of the following is most likely to be labeled a faction?

A lobbying group

The judiciary can create policy by:

Interpreting existing laws

Why are congressional committees considered central to the legislative process?

They determine whether legislation advances or stalls

Guidelines for the implementation of a law are issued by the:

Relevant agency in executive branch

Who can introduce a bill in Congress?

Only members of Congress

Cloture is a __________ that currently requires ______ votes to pass.

Senate rule; 60

Why has the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act become a major legislative tool?

It allows legislation to bypass the Senate filibuster

Which of the following is true regarding an executive order?

Can be made difficult to enforce through Congressional legislation

When the Senate conducts debates on a bill, any senator can speak:

On any topic irrespective of the content of the bill

What procedural feature most distinguishes the Senate from the House of Representatives?

Unlimited debate and the filibuster

Which of the following steps happens first when a bill is introduced in the House?

Sponsorship of a bill

Which of the following statements is true?

The states that developed from the 13 original colonies were cautious about giving too much power to governors.

Which of the following is true regarding partisanship in the United States?

The 1994 mid-term Congressional election was a seminal event for greater partisan politics.

Newt Gingrich and Dick Armey's Contract with America for the 1994 mid-term Congressional election included a list of policies Republicans would enact in the House in its first 100 days. Items such as __________ were NOT on the list.

Restrictions on abortion

Which belief is a core component of the dominant American political culture?

Natural rights limit what government can legitimately do

Which of the following is NOT considered a part of the dominant political culture of the United States?

Trust in the political system

According to scholarship discussed, American political culture tends to prioritize:

Freedom over equality when those values conflict

The Australian government's policies __________ in minimizing deaths from COVID and maximizing the speed of population vaccinations. This is largely because Australians have a __________ view of their government and public health professionals.

Succeeded; more favorable

After the 1994 mid-term Congressional election, the lesson learned was that __________ was politically beneficial.

Party discipline

Which of the following CANNOT be attributed to American exceptionalism?…

None of the above…

In 1831, Alexis de Tocqueville described the U.S. political culture as one based on the "equality of conditions." Which of the following observations supported his claim?

A formal rigid social structure did not exist in the United States.

Organizations such as the Rand Corporation and the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation produce:

Grey literature

Which of the following is true regarding the bureaucracy of a state government?

The state agencies' expertise can be vital in the process of formulating a policy.

Which statement best reflects the role of values in public health policy analysis?

Values influence how problems are defined and which solutions are prioritized

Discussions regarding public health policy generally __________ vulnerable populations.

Both overlook and highly affect

Why does a policy report require a list of abbreviations and definitions?…..

All of the above…..

The American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) is likely to support which of the following?

Privatization of public education

Organizations or individuals may pursue policy analysis in order to:.

All of the above.

Which of the following is advisable while writing an executive summary of a policy analysis?

All of the above

Why is stakeholder analysis important in public health policy analysis?

To understand interests, power, and influence affecting policy decisions

When should a Health Impact Assessment (HIA) be conducted?

Before a policy is adopted