Planet Earth Minerals Part I

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Last updated 11:45 PM on 10/1/26

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Valence electrons

Outer electrons; determine how atoms bond

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Ionic, covalent, metallic bonds Ionic

transfer electrons; Covalent = share electrons; Metallic = electrons flow freely

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Mineral definition and chemical formulas

naturally occurring, solid, crystalline, specific chemical composition

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Crystalline vs. Amorphous

Crystalline = ordered atoms; Amorphous = random atoms/no true structure

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Halite’s structure

It looks like a cube, crystal atomic structure is a cube

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Atomic structure and crystal shape

crystal is cube-shaped

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Polymorph’s - what’s an example?

Same chemistry, different crystal structure; diamond vs. graphite