unit 7

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to restrictive lung disease and pneumonia, including definitions and relevant medical terms for review.

Restrictive Lung Disease

cant get air IN- Condition where lungs are restricted from fully expanding with air.

types of restrictive lung disease

Primary lung disease with stiff and noncompliant lung parenchyma (e.g., IPF)

• Pleural abnormalities (e.g., pleural effusions)

• Thoracic abnormalities that restrict chest wall mobility (e.g.,kyphoscoliosis)

• Other causes that limit available space for lungs to expand (e.g., morbid obesity, pregnancy)

Pneumonia (PNA)

inflammatory response of the bronchioles and alveolar spaces to an infective agent. These infections may be bacterial, fungal, or viral.

Thoracic Abnormalities

Physical changes in the thorax that can affect lung capacity and function, like kyphoscoliosis.

Hypoventilation

Reduced ventilation leading to decreased gas exchange, often seen in restrictive lung disease.

Inspiratory Capacity

The maximum amount of air a person can inhale; often measured using an incentive spirometer.

Sputum Production

The process of producing mucus from the respiratory tract, which can indicate infection.

Forced Expiratory Technique (FET)

A technique used to clear secretions from the lungs through targeted coughing.

Active Cycle of Breathing Technique (ACBT)

A therapeutic breathing technique to aid in airway clearance and improve lung function.

Interventions: Respiratory system

*

• Decreased aerobic capacity due to hypoventilation and reduced

gas exchange at alveolar level

• Frequency: TID (three times/day); over time, wean to once/day

• Intensity: 3–4/10 on modified Borg, titrate supplemental oxygen to

maintain SpO2 of 92% or higher

• Time: emphasize duration more than speed, allow for sitting/standing rest

breaks as needed based on intensity (during breaks provide lateral costal

breathing technique)

• Type: aerobic interval-based gait training

Active cycle of breathing technique:Breathing control

• Gentle tidal volume breathing with

relaxation of upper chest

and shoulders

• Essential to prevent bronchospasm

(spasm of bronchial smooth muscle)

• Needs to last long enough for the

patient to relax

Active cycle of breathing technique: Thoracic expansion

Thoracic expansion

• Deep inspiration that helps to

loosen secretions

• Allows air to get behind the

secretions and assist with their

mobilization

• Using an incentive spirometer for

this component is sometimes

helpful

Active cycle of breathing

technique

• Forced expiratory

technique (FET)

Forced expiratory

technique (FET)

• Huffing to move secretions from

the smaller/peripheral/distal

airways to the larger/proximal/

upper airways that can be

expectorated with a cough

• Why is this important?

• A cough only reaches the first

few generations within the

conducting zone!

Active cycle of breathing

technique

• Directing FET to specific

areas of the lungs

to mobilize secretions from peripheral airways, a long and quieter huff after a medium-sized inspiration will be effective.

• To clear secretions that have reached the larger proximal airways, a short and louder huff after a deep inspiration will be effective.

increase time in breathing control phase for patients that…

have reactive airways or appear anxious

increase time in thoracic expansion phase for patients

that have atelectasis

increase time in forced expiratory technique phase for patients

who require increased sputum expectoration

Tests and Measures

Aerobic capacity • 2MWT • 6MWT • Chair stand test (60 second, 30 second, 5xSTS) • Strength, ROM • Postural assessment