New Testament 1 - Exam 1

When was the Northern Kingdom exiled?

722 B.C.

When was the Southern Kingdom exiled?

586 B.C.

What was the most significant punishment in the OT for Israel and Judah?

Exile from the Promised Land

What stopped during the Intertestamental period?

Prophetic Word

What is the KEY verse for the intertestamental period?

Galatians 4:4

“the fullness of time”

Which empire was in control of Judea when the last Old Testament book was written?

The Persian Empire

What was Cyrus’ Repatriation Plan?

The return of the conquered and exile nations back into their land

Cyrus II (the Great) was who and date

Persian King

559 - 530

What was the 3 biggest impacts of Cyrus & the Persian Empire?

• the return of the Jewish people to the land

• the rebuilding of the temple

• the rebuilding of the city of Jerusalem

Jews Under Persia was a….

small semi-independent state

The Jews under Persia has a strong….

religious identity centered around the temple

While the Jews were under Persia they had what to guide the people?

Great Synagogue and a council was founded by Ezra

Who kept increasing in Civil & Political power while the Jews were under Persia?

The High Priest

What was the influence of Hellenism?

• Spread of Greek Culture

• Spread of Greek ideas and religion

• Spread of a universal language

• some areas of Israel were Greek “Galilee of the Gentiles”

What did the spread of a universal language do?

It prepared the way for the spread of the gospel and NT writings

What did the four horns represent in Daniel?

The four kingdoms

Israel under the Ptolemy and Selecid Empires

Egypt - Kings of the South

Syria - Kings of the North

What was the name for the Greek version of the OT called the LXX?

The Septuagent

When did the Maccabean Revolt occur?

167 B.C.

Who was Antiochus IV (175-163)

Foreshadowed what the Anti-Christ will be like

Who led the Maccabean Revolt and what was his nickname?

Judas Maccabeus, known as ‘the hammer’ (because he fought with a sledgehammer)

Who were the “Pious Ones”?

Those who were devoted to God & joined the Maccabean revolution

They interpreted the Bible literally

When the Sadducees form who do they join in the Hasmonean (Maccabean) Period?

They join John Hyrcanus - he destroys the Samaritan temple

What is the difference between the Pharisees and Sadducees in regards to what they believed at the time of their formation?

Pharisees: the Maccbeus can’t be priests if you aren’t of the line of Aaron

Sadducees: it’s ok for the Maccbeus to be priests

What were the three religious sects in the Hasmonean period?

• Pharisees

• Sadducees

• Essenes

Who were the Pharisees?

Religious teachers during the NT, exercising their influence through the Sanhedrin, and the synagogues

Who were the Sadducees?

The aristocracy of Jewish Society who were politically influential over the temple area

Who were the Essenes?

An ancient Jewish sect existing from the 2nd century B.C. through the first century A.D. who separated from Jewish society to live in legalistic and extreme ritual purity laws.

These were the impacts of the Greek Period:

• Hellenism brought a language change

• the formation of Pharisees, Sadducees, and Essenes

• the High Priesthood was seen as the main authority and ruler

What was the two greatest impacts of the Roman Empire?

• Political Stability (Pax Romana 200 years of peace)

• Roman Roads (well paved roads for easy travel throughout the empire)

The biggest impact of the 1st Jerusalem revolt was….

the destruction of the Temple

The second Jewish revolt led to the….

Depopulation and exile of the people of Israel

What were the major highways of Israel?

• Way of the Sea

• Kings Highway

• Way of the Patriarchs

What was the Kings Highway known as?

The International Trade Route

What was the Way of the Patriarchs known as?

The Ridge Route

What’s another name for the Way of the Sea?

Via Maris

Who ruled the Synagogues?

The Pharisees

Who ruled the Temple?

The Sadducees

What was the Sanhedrin (The Council)?

• The Main Jewish Court led by the High Priest and consisted of 70 members of Sadducees (majority) and Pharisees

• One of the places where Jesus was put on trial

• the place where several apostles stood on trial in the book of Acts

The Sanhedrin (The Council) governed over what?

religious and political issues

Who were the Zealots?

Zealous religious bandits who opposed Rome

Who were the Herodians?

Influential and wealthy men who supported the Herodian Dynasty who sympathized with Rome

Who were the Sicarii?

Terrorist/Religious assassins - anti-rome

Who were the Scribes?

Aligned with the Pharisees - Matthew 23

Who were the Samaritans?

Considered “non” Jewish

By the time of the NT, the majority of the common people thought of the coming of the Messiah as…

Primarily a political, military King

What language was the Old and New Testaments originally written in?

In Hebrew, in Aramaic, and in Greek for the NT

How many books and authors does the NT have?

27 books by 8 or 9 authors

The Gospels were written because the apostolic witnesses were…

dying off and the gospel was spreading globally

Date & Author of Matthew

A.D. 50-60

Matthew

Date & Author of Luke

A.D. 60-61

Luke

Date & Author of Acts

A.D. 62

Luke

Date & Author of Mark

A.D. 64-68

Mark

Date & Author of John

A.D. 80-90

John

What the the “Gospel” mean in Greek?

“The Good News”

The Gospels aren’t complete biographies of Jesus but rather…?

Accurate theological accounts of Jesus’ person and work

The four Gospels are accurate portraits of…?

Christ - which are also theological and apologetic

What is the Theme of Matthew?

Jesus as the Messianic King

What is the Theme of Mark?

Jesus as the Servant-Redeemer

What is the Theme of Luke?

Jesus as the Savior of the World (Humanity - Son of Man)

What is the Theme of John?

Jesus as the Son of God (Deity)

For the Authorship of the Gospels what were they?

eyewitness accounts

What does Synoptic mean?

Syn (together) & Optic (seeing) = Seeing Together

What is the Synoptic Problem?

“Literary Dependence” which suggests one gospel is the source behind the other two

What is the Independence View?

• Each writer is independent from the others and bases his gospel off of eyewitness accounts

• They are historically accurate

• Harmonization - not contradictory and can be harmonized

What is the Documentary Hypothesis?

• Similarities show that there was some type of dependence

• The Gospels cannot be successfully harmonized

What is the “Two Source” & “Four Source” Theory?

Mark writes first and Matthew and Luke depend on Mark

What is the “Two Gospel” Theory?

Matthew writes first.

Luke depends on Matthew.

Mark uses both Matthew and Luke for his gospel

What are the Problems with Source/Document Theories?

• A faulty view of inspiration

• A faulty view of inerrancy

• Disregards Church history

• Disregards eyewitness accounts

What are the two verse references that are an example of Problems with Source/Document Theories?

Jesus healing a paralyzed man

Mark 2:10-12

Matthew 9:6-7

KNOW CHART