CAD, Cardiomyopathy, Valves

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Last updated 7:09 PM on 10/8/26
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6 Terms

1
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CAD

  1. Stable Angina:

  2. Unstable Angina:

  • STEMI:

  • NSTEMI:


  1. decreased blood flow to heart causing ischemia, dyspnea, tightness; resolves at rest

  2. does not resolve at rest → acute coronary syndrome

  • abrupt disruption of blood flow to heart (EKG/elevated troponin)


2
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CAD

  1. Lab monitoring

  2. Lifestyle modififications:

  3. Medications:

  4. Stress Test:

  5. Cardiac catheterization:


  1. Cholesterol, C-reactive protein, Homocysteine

  2. DASH diet, no smoke, sleep hygiene, exercise

  3. Daily (ACE, ARB, BB, CCB, Statins, antiplatelets) and Sublingual nitroglycerin PRN

  4. activity tolerance (treadmill/medicine) to inducted sx under controlled area

  5. treat/monitor blockages that could lead to ACS


3
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Cardiomyopathy

  1. Def

  2. Most common

  3. Dilated:

  4. Hypertrophic:

  5. Restrictive:

  6. Arrythmogenic:


  1. chronic triggered by inflamattory process (infection, malnutrition)

  2. dilated

  3. weak heart —> bad contractions → decreased CO = backed up weak squeeze

  4. thick ventricles → bad refilling → decreased CO= big heart not alot of refill

  5. ventricle stiff -→ decreased refill → decreased CO= stiff so cant refill

  6. fibrous tissue → electrical instability → lethal dysrhythmias


4
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Cardiomyopathy

  1. Cues

  2. Labs/Diagnostics:

  3. Medication management:

  4. Lifestyle mods:

  5. Possible sx interventions:


  1. manis from heart failure (SOB, edema, ascites)

  2. BNP(fluid), Troponins (damage), EKG, CXR

  3. help increase CO but concern with hypotension

  4. diet, wt loss, nonsternuous, no smoke

  5. LVAD, transplant, ICD (shocks)


5
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Valvular Dysfunction

  1. Def

  2. Stenosis

  3. regurgitation

  4. Causes:

  5. Most common valves:

  6. Big risk factor:


  1. damaged valves that do not open/close right → increased cardio workload

  2. narrowing “stuck”

  3. backup of blood “reflux”

  4. birth defect, atherosclerosis, IV drug use, Lupus, endocarditis

  5. Aortic , Mitral

  6. Age and cardio stress


6
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Valvular Dysfunction

  1. Cues

  2. Labs:

  3. Medications:

  4. TAVR:


  1. HEart mumur (STENOSIS), edema, SOB, unexplained weight loss

  2. Echo (EF <40% indicates severe issues), stress test, catheter

  3. diuretics, vasodilators, BB, ACE, blood thinners

  4. valve replacement done with cardiac cath