Lesson 3&4 Chapter Test Grammar

ru verbs

drop ru, add conjugation

u verbs

column goes to i, add conjugation

irregular くる

きーconjugation

irregular する

しーconjugation

irregular べんきょする

べんきょしーconjugation

Present Tense Conjugation (Affirmative & Negative)

(affirmative ます, negative ません）

を particle

indicates a direct object that is affected by the verb

で particle

indicates where the event described by the verb takes place

When is で not used? (what verbs)

いきます、かえります、きます, because de marks location where the verb takes place but these verbs are action so they need to use へorに

に particle

goal of movement for いく、くる、かえる, or time (exact time)

is に　used for approximate time references?

nom it can be replaced with ごろ

へ particle

used for goal or movement, but cannot replace に for time references

when is に particle used for time?

days of the week, approximate time, and months

when is に particle not needed?

time expressions like “today, tomorrow, at night or weekend”.

how do you make a invitation?

~ませんか

how do you say there is/are X?

います、あります

What particle do you use when using います、あります

が

What do you use to say that you have or own something, or say that an event will take place

あります

Is あります、います for living or non living

あります-non living including plants　いますーliving, pets, friends etc

What particle is used when using a location word?　and is it put before or after the use of the location word?

の, before

Past tense of です(affirmative and negative)

affirmative: でした negative: じゃなかったです

Past tense for Verb Conjugation　（affirmative and negative)

affirmative: ました negative: ませんでした

も particle

used when two or more people perform the same activity, or when someone buys, sees or eats two or more things

What particles can you replace with も and what particles do you follow up with も？

replace with も：は・を, follow up with: に・で

what is used to express the duration of an activity?

じかん

How can you give an approximate time measurement when expressing the duration of an activity?

ぐらい used after じかん

how do you use a quantity word? where do you put it in the sentence

either before the noun or after the particle を

と particle

to connect two nouns or “together with”

how do you use と particle as “together with”

と particle comes after the two names (ex.めありーさんはそらさんとかんごくにいきます）