French Verb Conjugations and Grammar Rules

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Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering conjugation rules, mood and tense distinctions (présent de l'indicatif, subjonctif présent, imparfait, passé composé, impératif), irregular stems, and auxiliary usage across 34 French verbs.

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Présent de l'indicatif

The French present indicative tense, conjugated across six grammatical persons: Je (Eu), Tu (Tu), Il / Elle / On (Ele / Ela / A gente), Nous (Nós), Vous (Vocês / O senhor / A senhora), and Ils / Elles (Eles / Elas).

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Subjonctif présent

A French verb mood typically introduced by 'que' or 'qu'' to express necessity, desires, or concessions (e.g., 'Il faut que je sois à l'heure', 'Je veux que tu viennes', 'Bien qu'il soit difficile…').

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Imparfait de l'indicatif

The French imperfect indicative tense, used primarily to express past habits, continuous actions, background descriptions, ongoing feelings, and age in the past.

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Passé composé

A compound past tense used to express completed actions in the past, formed by the present tense of an auxiliary verb ('avoir' or 'être') plus the participe passé.

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Impératif présent

The French imperative mood used for orders, suggestions, or requests; it omits subject pronouns and conjugates in only three persons: tu, nous, and vous.

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General Rule for Subjunctive Formation

Take the stem of the 'ils/elles' form in the présent de l'indicatif, drop the '-ent' ending, and add the endings: -e, -es, -e, -ions, -iez, and -ent (e.g., parler → ils parlent → parl-).

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General Rule for Imparfait Formation

Take the stem of the 'nous' form in the présent de l'indicatif, drop the '-ons' ending, and add the endings: -ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, and -aient (e.g., finir → nous finissons → finiss-).

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Être (Imparfait Exception)

The only major irregular exception to the standard imparfait formation rule, taking the irregular stem 'ét-' (j'étais, tu étais, il était, nous étions, vous étiez, ils étaient).

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Verbs using Être in Passé Composé

A specific group including motion and pronominal verbs: Aller, Venir, S'inscrire, Se tromper, and S'en aller.

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Être Subject Agreement Rule

In the passé composé with the auxiliary 'être', the past participle agrees in gender and number with the subject (e.g., Il est allé, Elle est allée, Ils sont allés, Elles sont allées).

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Participe Passé Regular Endings

Standard past participle endings: verbs in -ER end in '-é' (manger → mangé), verbs in -IR end in '-i' (finir → fini), and many verbs in -RE end in '-u' (attendre → attendu).

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-ER Verbs Tu-Form Imperative Rule

In the second-person singular (tu) of the impératif présent, verbs ending in -ER drop the final '-s' (e.g., Tu manges → Mange !, Tu commences → Commence !, Tu étudies → Étudie !).

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Imperative 'Y' and 'EN' Exception

When the adverbial pronouns 'y' or 'en' follow an affirmative imperative ending in a vowel, the dropped '-s' is restored (e.g., 'Vas-y !', 'Manges-en !').

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Pronominal Verbs in the Imperative

In affirmative commands, reflexive pronouns attach after the verb with a hyphen (e.g., 'Inscris-toi !'); in negative commands, the pronoun returns before the verb (e.g., 'Ne vous inscrivez pas !').

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Pouvoir (Imperative)

A verb that has no imperative form in standard French conjugation; alternative constructions must be used to express an order or permission.

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Vouloir (Imperative)

Features special imperative forms (Tu veuille, Nous veuillons, Vous veuillez), with 'veuille' and 'veuillez' predominantly used in polite or formal requests (e.g., 'Veuillez patienter').

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Subjunctive Expressions (Triggers)

Common set expressions that require the subjonctif: 'Il faut que…', 'Je veux que…', 'Je souhaite que…', 'Bien que…', 'Pour que…', 'Avant que…', and 'Il est important que…'.

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Spelling Alterations: Manger & Commencer

Orthographic changes to preserve soft pronunciation: 'manger' retains an 'e' before 'o' (nous mangeons) and 'a' (je mangeais), while 'commencer' takes a cedilla 'ç' before 'o' (nous commençons) and 'a' (je commençais).

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Avoir (Irregular Forms)

Key irregular forms include participe passé 'eu', subjonctif stem 'ai-/ay-' (que j'aie, que nous ayons), and impératif 'aie', 'ayons', 'ayez'.

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Savoir (Irregular Forms)

Irregular French verb meaning 'to know', featuring subjonctif forms (que je sache, que nous sachions), impératif forms (sache, sachons, sachez), and passé composé 'su'.

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Faire (Irregular Forms)

Verb meaning 'to do/make', conjugated in présent as je fais, tu fais, il fait, nous faisons, vous faites, ils font; uses subjonctif stem 'fass-' (fasse, fassions) and participe passé 'fait'.

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S'en aller

An idiomatic pronominal verb meaning 'to go away' ('ir embora'), conjugated as 'je m'en vais' (présent), 'je m'en suis allé(e)' (passé composé), and 'va-t'en' (impératif).