TERMINOLOGY - Test #2

Moving towards root tip

Apically

Moving around root tip

Per-Apical

Where the root and crown meet

Neck / Cervical Region

Moving towards the crown

Coronally

Surface of tooth towards the lips (canines n incisors)

Labial

Surface of tooth towards cheeks (molars and premolars)

Buccal

Outside surface of tooth (is interchangeable w labial or buccal as its a combination)

Vestibular

surface of tooth towards tongue (bottom jaw)

Lingual

surface of tooth towards palate (top jaw)

Palatal

The surface of the tooth closest to the tooth behind (moving away from nose)

Distal

The surface of the tooth closest to the tooth in front (moving towards nose)

Mesial

area where root join together (ONLY in a multirooted tooth)

Furcation

The portion of the tooth above the gums line that is covered w enamel

Crown

The portion of the tooth below the gum line that is covered w cementum

Root

tip of the crown

Cusp

bottom of root

Apex

• covers crown

• hardest substance in the body

• made of crystals arranged in prisms

• acellular (non-living); no sensory capacity

• formation stops b4 tooth eruption

• can’t regenerate once lost (non-regenerative)

• has NO flexibility so not ideal if entire tooth was it (would break)

Enamel

What are the diff thicknesses of enamel btw cats n dogs?

dog: 0.1 - 0.6mm

cat: 0.1 - 0.3mm

• Makes up bulk of tooth

• Hard as bone but softer than enamel

• Bone-like material made 72% mineral, 18% collagen (4 flexibility), 10% water

• Living tissue w sensory capacity (feels pain)

• Produced throughout life of tooth

• Arranged in tubules running from enamel to pulp

Dentin

What are the 3 types of dentin?

1. Primary

2. Normal Secondary

3. Irregular Secondary / Tertiary

What type of dentin is formed prior to tooth eruption w the enamel?

Primary Dentin

What type of dentin is continuously formed after the tooth erupts and causes a gradual reduction in the size of the pulp chamber as it is produced?

Normal Secondary Dentin

What type of dentin is formed in areas exposed to injury? Will be darker in colour, have no nerve fibres, fewer tubules, and a distorted collagen pattern.

Irregular Secondary Dentin / Tertiary Dentin

T or F - Pulp chambers decrease in size w age

True

What is the difference btw tertiary dentin vs debris?

What is the name of the ONLY place the ligament attaches to?

Cementum

• Bone-like (calcified connective) tissue that covers the root of the tooth

• Provides attachment for the periodontal ligament (PDL)

• Thickening at the root tip (apex) can occur from trauma or pulp irritation, making extraction difficult

• If lost, the PDL can’t attach properly, potentially causing a deep periodontal pocket

Cementum

What are the 2 diff types of cementum?

1. primary - acellular

2. secondary - cellular

What type of cementum covers the cervical 2/3 of the root and forms prior to tooth eruption?

Primary cementum

What type of cementum is around the apical 3rd and is formed after tooth erupts continuing throughout life increasing in thickness as patient ages?

Secondary cementum

What is the fusion of cementum and the surrounding bone called which obliterates the periodontal ligament?

Ankylosis

What are 3 ways ankylosis can occur?

1. excessive occlusal trauma (too much bitting pressure)

2. chronic periapical irritation

3. post tooth re implantation

• Located in the crown (coronal) or root (root)

• Is loose connective tissue containing blood vessels and nerve fibers

• Enters through tiny openings @ root tip, collectively called apical delta

Pulp

• Cavity inside the crown that contains the pulp

• Has pulp horns that correspond to the shape of the tooth cusps

• DECREASES in size w age as secondary dentin forms

Pulp Chamber

Alveolar Bone

Alveolar Crest

Lamina Dura

Apical Delta

Apical Foramen

Epithial Attachment

Gingiva

Free/marginal gingiva

Free gingival margin

Attached gingiva

Interdental gingiva

Gingival sulcus

Periodontal ligament

What are the vital functions of the periodontal ligament?

Cento-enamel junction

Alveolar mucosa

Muco-gingival line