UNIT 6 PROJECT MANAGEMENT

project

Ex: The student team began a project to design a website for the university club.

A temporary piece of work with a defined goal, start, and end.

IT project

Ex: The mobile banking app is an IT project with design, development, and testing stages.

A project involving technology, software, digital systems, or information services.

project management

Ex: Effective project management keeps the team focused on scope, time, quality, and risk.

The process of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling work to achieve project objectives.

project manager

Ex: The project manager asked each team member for a clear progress update.

The person responsible for coordinating people, tasks, resources, risks, and communication in a project.

stakeholder

Ex: The club president is a key stakeholder because she approves the website requirements.

A person, group, or organization affected by, interested in, or able to influence a project.

scope

Ex: Adding an online registration form would change the project's scope.

The boundaries of a project, including what work is included and excluded.

deliverable

Ex: The completed website is the main deliverable for the client.

A product, service, document, or other result that a project must produce.

timeline

Ex: The new requirement may affect the timeline for design and testing.

A schedule showing when project activities and events should occur.

milestone

Ex: Completing the first working prototype is a major milestone.

An important event or point used to measure progress in a project.

action plan

Ex: The meeting ended with an action plan for fixing and retesting the payment feature.

A clear description of the next tasks, responsible people, and deadlines.

risk

Ex: Server failure during the demo is a serious project risk.

A possible event or condition that could negatively affect project objectives.

blocker

Ex: The unstable payment API is a blocker for frontend testing.

A problem or dependency that stops or significantly slows progress.

key performance indicator / KPI

Ex: User satisfaction after launch is one important key performance indicator for the app.

A measurable indicator used to evaluate performance or success against an objective.

work breakdown structure / WBS

Ex: The team created a work breakdown structure before assigning tasks.

A hierarchical tool that divides a project into smaller, manageable tasks or work packages.

Gantt chart

Ex: The Gantt chart shows that testing begins after development is complete.

A visual chart showing project tasks, durations, dependencies, and dates along a timeline.

project board

Ex: After the stand-up, everyone updated the project board.

A visual workspace used to track tasks, progress, ownership, and blockers.

Waterfall

Ex: Waterfall suits the construction project because its design and requirements are stable.

A linear project approach in which work moves through planned phases in sequence.

Agile

Ex: The software team uses Agile because users review a new version every two weeks.

A flexible project approach that delivers value in short cycles and responds to feedback and change.

Scrum

Ex: In Scrum, the team reviews the product at the end of each sprint.

An Agile framework that organizes work into short sprints with defined roles, events, and regular reviews.

sprint

Ex: The team selected five high-priority tasks for the next sprint.

A short, fixed period in Scrum during which a team completes a selected set of work.

daily stand-up

Ex: During the daily stand-up, the developer reported a blocker and requested support.

A short daily team meeting about progress, problems, and next steps.

product backlog

Ex: The team added the registration form to the product backlog for later prioritization.

A prioritized list of product features, requirements, improvements, or tasks.

Kanban

Ex: The team uses Kanban to move tasks from To Do to In Progress and Done.

A method that visualizes work, limits work in progress, and improves the flow of tasks.

Lean

Ex: A Lean review removed an unnecessary approval step from the process.

A management approach focused on reducing waste and creating value efficiently.

QA testing

Ex: QA testing found a serious error in the payment flow before the client demo.

Systematic checking to find defects and confirm that a product meets quality requirements.

feedback

Ex: The team revised the interface after receiving user feedback at the sprint review.

Comments or responses used to evaluate and improve a product, service, or process.