RAD 101 Basic Positioning Principles

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Last updated 3:02 PM on 9/29/26
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14 Terms

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Centering

All required information or anatomy is visualized and included and centralized in the image

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Positioning

The anatomy of interest is correctly positioned for the projection/position performed

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Collimation

Appropriate use of the exposure field to include just beyond the soft tissue borders of the required anatomy

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SID

Source to Image Distance


the distance between the x-ray tube and the image receptor

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OID

Object to Image Distance


the distance between the anatomy exposed and the image receptor

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Artifact

any non-anatomical item or physical phenomenon that is not a natural part of the patient

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Artifact examples

jewelry, clothing, pacemaker, hardware, tubes/lines

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Requirements of all x-ray images

1. Facility Name

2. Patient's Full Name

3. Patient's age or DOB

4. Date of Exam

5. Time of Exam

6. Medical Record Number (MRN) or other unique identifier

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Considerations for all positions/projections

  • All pertinent anatomy demonstrated

  • Appropriate collimation

  • Correct central ray (CR) location


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Essential image receptor (IR) Markers

Anatomic Side Markers

  • A right or left LEAD marker should be used for every image.


Specific marker for procedure/position etc may also be needed.

  • Some of these may be computer annotated


<p>Anatomic Side Markers</p><ul><li><p>A right or left LEAD marker should be used for every image.</p></li></ul><p></p><p>Specific marker for procedure/position etc may also be needed.</p><ul><li><p>Some of these may be computer annotated</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Positioning Rules and Principles

1. Minimum of two projections imaged because:

  • Anatomic structures may be superimposed

  • Localization of lesions or foreign bodies

  • Determination of alignment of fractures

  • Long bones require two projections


2. Minimum of three projections when joints are in prime interest area to include:

  • AP or PA

  • Lateral

  • Oblique


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Exceptions to Positioning Rules

  • Postreduction upper and lower limbs

  • Pelvis study projection unless a hip injury is suspected

  • Abdomen (KUB)


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Placing Radiographs for Viewing

  • Patient facing the viewer

  • Patient’s right to the viewer’s left

  • Lateral projections

  • Decubitus projections


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Viewing Radiographs

Limbs

  • Anatomic position


Fingers/Hands/wrists and toes/feet

  • Digits up- this is the exception. Do not orient as if patient was facing you