FTA btw India and European Union

EU

India Free Trade Agreement

EU

India FTA negotiations

EU

India FTA negotiations relaunched

Other EU

India agreements launched in 2022

EU

India goods trade

EU

India services trade

EU share of India's total trade

11.5% of India's total goods trade in 2024.

India's rank among EU trading partners

India's 9th

EU share of global population

About 6%.

EU population

About 447 million people in the 2021 reference period.

EU membership

27 European countries.

EU common currency

Euro.

Euro area in 2026

21 EU member states use the euro.

Latest euro

area member

EU Commission President

Ursula von der Leyen.

Ursula von der Leyen pronunciation

Roughly “UR

2026 Republic Day EU chief guests

António Costa and Ursula von der Leyen.

António Costa

President of the European Council.

Ursula von der Leyen

President of the European Commission.

First EU participation in India's Republic Day

2026, when António Costa and Ursula von der Leyen were chief guests.

Origin of European integration

Post

European Coal and Steel Community

First major European integration community, created by the 1951 Paris Treaty.

Treaty of Paris

Signed in 1951 and established the European Coal and Steel Community.

ECSC founding countries

Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.

ECSC

European Coal and Steel Community.

Purpose of ECSC

Pool coal and steel production to make future European conflict less likely.

Treaty of Rome

Signed in 1957 and established the EEC and Euratom.

EEC

European Economic Community.

Euratom

European Atomic Energy Community.

Treaty of Rome founding countries

Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.

Treaty of Brussels

Also called the Merger Treaty; entered into force in 1967.

Merger Treaty purpose

Created a single Council and Commission for the three European Communities.

Three European Communities

ECSC, EEC and Euratom.

First direct European Parliament elections

1979.

Single European Act

Entered into force on 1 July 1987; accelerated creation of the single European market.

Maastricht Treaty

Signed in 1992 and entered into force on 1 November 1993.

Maastricht Treaty significance

Created the European Union and laid foundations for economic and monetary union.

European Union creation

Maastricht Treaty created the EU framework, entering into force in 1993.

Euro launched

1 January 1999 as an electronic/accounting currency.

Euro cash introduced

1 January 2002.

Countries using euro cash initially

12 EU countries.

Euro area in 2026

21 EU countries.

Lisbon Treaty

Signed in 2007 and entered into force on 1 December 2009.

Lisbon Treaty significance

Strengthened EU institutions and created a permanent President of the European Council.

First permanent President of European Council

Herman Van Rompuy.

Herman Van Rompuy

Belgian politician and first permanent President of the European Council.

EU Nobel Peace Prize

Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2012.

Brexit referendum

UK referendum on EU membership held in 2016.

Brexit result

UK voters chose to leave the European Union.

UK left EU

31 January 2020.

EU

India first summit

EU

India strategic partnership

EU

India trade agreement objective

MFN

Most

MFN principle

WTO members generally provide equal treatment to trading partners, subject to permitted exceptions.

EU

India FTA tariff coverage

EU tariff liberalisation under FTA

EU will eliminate tariffs on over 90% of tariff lines.

India tariff liberalisation under FTA

India will eliminate tariffs on 86% of tariff lines.

EU tariff liberalisation by trade value

91% of EU tariff lines by value will be eliminated.

India tariff liberalisation by trade value

93% of Indian tariff lines by value will be eliminated.

EU automotive sector and India FTA

Automotive products are among sectors receiving improved market access.

EU

India FTA significance

EU

India FTA and China

EU single market

Integrated market allowing free movement of goods, services, capital and people among EU member states.

European Parliament

EU institution whose members are directly elected by EU citizens.

European Council

EU institution made up of heads of state or government that sets the EU's broad political direction.

European Commission

EU executive body responsible for proposing legislation and implementing EU policies.

EU Council of the EU

Institution where national ministers of EU member states negotiate and adopt laws.

European Union membership today

27 member states.

EU founding six

Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands.

EU founding integration sequence

Paris Treaty → Rome Treaties → Merger Treaty → Single European Act → Maastricht Treaty → Lisbon Treaty.

Paris Treaty year

1951.

Rome Treaties year

1957.

Merger Treaty year

1965 signed; 1967 entered into force.

Single European Act year

1986 signed; 1987 entered into force.

Maastricht Treaty year

1992 signed; 1993 entered into force.

Lisbon Treaty year

2007 signed; 2009 entered into force.