Cell Organelles and Functions

A comprehensive vocabulary review of cell organelles, their functions, and distinguishing features between plant and animal cells.

Cytoplasm

The fluid-filled region between the nucleus and the cell membrane in which organelles are suspended - regulates temp of cell

Cytoskeleton

provides structure for the cell and helps organize organelles and other substances within the cellular fluid.

Golgi apparatus

modifies, sorts, stores, and sends off proteins from the rough ER to their next destinations.

Lysosome

contains digestive enzymes that break down proteins and lipids (fats), as well as destroying harmful bacteria

Mitochondria

"powerhouse of the cell" where cellular respiration occurs, converting glucose into ATP

Nucleus

The organelle that houses and contains most of the cell's genetic material (DNA).

Cell membrane (Plasma membrane)

structure around the cell that regulates which materials enter and leave the cell

Ribosome

produce proteins by following coded instructions from DNA.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER)

holds ribosomes that packages proteins into vesicles for transport through the body.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER)

An organelle responsible for building lipid (fat) molecules.

Vacuole

most often stores undigested nutrients, in plant cells called the large central vacuole, which also stores waste products.

Vesicle

packages proteins from the rough ER and moves products in, out, and around the cell.

Centriole

unique to animal cells that assists in cell division and looks like churros

Flagellum (and Cilia)

extending from some cells that aid in cell movement and help move substances through their surroundings.

Cell wall

outer layer unique to plant cells that maintain cell shape and provide protection.

Chloroplast

unique to plant cells that serves as the site of photosynthesis.