Chapter 17 - Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

TRNA's

TRNA's

________ provide the right ribosome amino acids and peptide bonds during translation to join amino acids to a peptide chain.

Protein

________ is synthesized in the ribosomes in three steps: initiation, chain elongation, and termination.

AIDS treatment

In ________, inhibitors block the entry into the cell by the virus, nucleoside analogs inhibit the reverse HIV transcriptase and protease inhibitors interrupt the protease catalytic activity needed to produce proteins to synthesize more viruses.

nucleotide

There are three components of a(n) ________: a pentose, a base, and a phosphate group.

Polymerase Chain Reaction

The ________ produces large amounts of DNA in criminal investigations.

nucleoside

A(n) ________ is a pentose sugar and a base combination.

DNA

In ________, adenine, thymine, guanine, or cytosine may be the base of sugar.

functional protein

The polypeptide is released and becomes a(n) ________ in the cell and takes on its secondary and tertiary structures.

DNA molecule

A(n) ________ is composed of two nucleotide strands that, like a spiral step, are wounded around one another.

AUG codon

The ________ indicates beginning the transcription, which is stopped by the UAG, UGA, and UAA codons.

MRNA

________ is produced when certain proteins are necessary in the cell.

genetic code

The ________ consists of a number of codons, three- base sequences that specify the order in a protein for amino acids.

amino acids

The 20 ________ have 64 codons, meaning that most amino acids have multiple codons.

viral DNA

The ________ is synthesized in the host cell with the nucleotides and enzymes for a retrovirus containing RNA.

nuclear acid

In ________, the 3′OH group of each RNA or DNA deoxyribose ribose is a phosphodiester link in the following nucleotide to the phosphate group of the 5′or sugar carbon atom to produce a backbone of the sugar and phosphate alternating groups.

protein

The ________ expressed by the foreign DNA segment is produced as the changed bacterial cells replicate.

DNA

________ or RNA viruses must invade host cells to synthesize more viruses using machinery in cells.

DNA

The foundations of mRNA are complementary to ________, except that A in ________ and U in RNA are matched.