Social Psychology Exam 2

Chapters 5-8

Karen thinks overweight people are lazy, and Kayla refuses to let overweight people join her kickball club. Karen is exhibiting ___, whereas Kayla is exhibiting ___.

stereotyping; discrimination

Brittany is a member of a sorority. She considers the stereotypes about her sorority to be gross overgeneralizations but claims that the stereotypes about other sororities seem to have a kernel of truth. Brittany’s thinking best illustrates:

the outgroup homogeneity effect

Which of the following terms refers to a more subtle form of prejudice that tends to surface when it is safe, socially acceptable, and easy to rationalize?

modern racism

The concept that concerns the ambivalence between one’s sincere, fair-minded attitudes and beliefs, and their largely unconscious and unrealized prejudicial feelings and beliefs, is called ___ racism.

aversive

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

The goal for many white people when interacting with racial minorities is to be perceived as likable and warm, whereas the goal for many racial minorities is to be perceived as competent and to be respected.

___ sexism is characterized by negative and resentful feelings toward women, whereas ___ sexism is characterized by affectionate, chivalrous, but potentially patronizing feelings towards women.

Hostile; benevolent

According to the Contact Hypothesis, which of the following is NOT one of the key conditions that are ideal for intergroup contact to serve as a treatment for racism?

Unequal status

___ asserts that perceived differences between men and women are based on real behavioral differences that are mistakenly assumed to arise from gender differences.

social role theory

According to social identity theory, people display ingroup favoritism…

as a means of increasing self-esteem

Affect is to ___, as Behavior is to ___, as Cognition is to ___.

prejudice, discrimination, stereotypes

Affect is to ___, as Cognition is to ___, as Behavior is to ___.

prejudice, stereotypes, discrimination

Which of the following would NOT be considered an attitude?

Ashton drives a red Tesla

The process by which a person is persuaded by cues in the persuasion context rather than thinking critically about the content of a persuasive message is called...

The peripheral route to persuasion

Persuasive communication is the outcome of three possible factors. They include all of the following EXCEPT:

Context

Research found the attitudes people held most passionately (and were least likely to change) were those that concerned issues that:

Related to deeply held philosophical, political and religious values

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

People often come to like what they suffer for.

A covert measure of unconscious attitudes derived from the speed at which people respond to pairings of concepts—such as black or white with good or bad is known as:

Implicit Association Test (IAT)

Which of the following occupational groups is typically rated highest on honesty and ethical standards? 

Nurses

When she first joined the soccer team, Kat was not entirely sure she would like it, but was excited about the thought of meeting teammates and traveling to other universities. By the end of the grueling summer soccer training, she absolutely loves being on the team and is totally committed to it, despite the fact that she has not really been able to travel anywhere cool and doesn't really get along with some of her teammates.

Kat’s attitude toward the soccer team is most likely the result of:

Effort justification

 The theory of planned behavior posits that behavior is a function of attitudes, subjective norms, behavioral intentions, and the...

amount of control we perceive to have over our own actions

Kiera’s friends can’t stand her new boyfriend, Zach Bryan, and have been pressuring her to stop seeing him. Kiera gets agitated and feels that her friends should mind their own business and not try to “run her life” for her. According to the concept of ____, Kiera would be most likely to respond by ____.

psychological reactance; feeling even more dedicated to her relationship with Zach

Which of the following is not considered one of the three forms of social influence discussed in this chapter?

independence

No one else in the park seem concerned about the welfare of the man lying down in the alley. Therefore, Linsey steps over him as well, figuring that he is simply drunk or asleep and not in need of emergency assistance. Linsey’s behavior is an example of:

Informational influence

Which of the following statements is false regarding Milgram’s research?

Raising people’s awareness of the explanations for someone else’s wrongdoing also tends to render people more forgiving of this wrongdoing

What was the finding of Sherif’s study (1936) on conformity when participants were asked to estimate the distance moved by a point of light?

As the study progressed, the participants’ estimates began to converge with each other

Dylan is a new student in his tenth-grade class. The other students exert normative pressure on him to conform to their opinion on some issue. According to social impact theory, Dylan will be more likely to resist this influence if:

There are three other new students in the class who are receiving the same pressures

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

People from collectivist cultures conform more than do people from individualistic cultures

In what way does conformity differ from obedience and compliance?

It involves less direct pressure from others

Social impact theory states that social influence of any kind is the function of others' _____, ______ and ______.

strength, immediacy and number

James calls potential research participants and asks if they would be willing to give blood. Once they have agreed to donate blood, he informs them that their donation is scheduled at 7:00 in the morning on a Saturday. Though most participants are not happy to hear this information, almost all of them do show up for the blood donation appointment. James has taken advantage of:

Lowballing

A superficial change in overt behavior without a corresponding change of opinion that is produced by real or imagined group pressure is known as:

Public conformity

One effective way for a leader to reduce the possibility of groupthink is to:

Express opinions only after other group members have voiced their opinions

Groups differ from collectives in that:

Groups have more direct interaction with one another than collectives

Esteban’s work group has been assigned a new project by management. Before deciding how much effort to exert on this new assignment, Esteban considers how important the group goals are to him and whether his input will help the group reach its goals. Esteban’s thinking is most consistent with:

The collective effort model

A group of students is discussing whether same-sex marriage should be legal. The students begin the discussion with opinions that are somewhat in favor of same-sex marriage being legal. If group polarization occurs...

students will be more strongly supportive of same-sex marriage after the discussion

The fact that many assaults are committed by people in disguise—and that these disguised assaults are often the most vicious ones—illustrates the concept of:

deindividuation

Blake is finding that a group project is taking a lot of time because his team members do not communicate well or share information, and they have difficulty finding meeting times that work for everyone. This would be an example of:

process loss

Aubrey attends a weekly meetup every Thursday evening with her book club to discuss that month's reading. What kind of group is this best described as?

social

In her group, Melanie is always the one who breaks the tension with a funny story and provides a shoulder to cry on when things go wrong. She can be described as playing a(n) ____ role. 

expressive

All of the following characterize team building EXCEPT:

It provides instruction for completing the team's task

Aggarwal and O’Brien (2008) studied hundreds of college students and identified several keys to reducing social loafing. Following statements are examples of the strategies they suggest EXCEPT:

selecting group members low in achievement motivation