IELTS Reading Academic Masterclass: How Does Watching Sport Influence the Brain?

Question and Answer flashcards reviewing vocabulary, reading strategies, paraphrasing, and key concepts from the IELTS Reading Academic Masterclass on sports and brain influence.

In which year was the initial discovery related to mirror neurons identified according to Paragraph D?

1954

What phrase in the reading text corresponds to the paraphrased expression 'Emotional satisfaction'?

Emotional roller coaster / Share in the emotion

Which text phrase matches the paraphrased concept 'Beginners struggle'?

Novices… presents a nearly impossible challenge

How does the passage paraphrase 'Integrate visual & motor'?

Align visual representation with motor representation

Which original expression in the reading passage is equivalent to 'Without conscious contemplation'?

Serenity of a refined autopilot / No conscious control

What phrase from the text corresponds to 'Dynamically involved in activity'?

Undertake active pursuits

According to Question 33, how do athletes perform actions without conscious thought?

With the 'serenity of a refined autopilot'

What does the example of a skilled golfer demonstrate regarding watching sport?

It proves that watching sports helps 'improves our own golfing skills'

What is identified as the primary motivation for spectators watching sports in Question 35?

To seek an emotional experience ('tune in for the emotional roller coaster')

What textual evidence supports Question 36 ('YES') regarding the same historical era?

'During the epoch when the poet Homer… ancient Greeks initiated…'

Why is Question 38 marked as 'NO' regarding executing a golf shot merely by watching without practicing?

Because the passage affirms that executing the shot without practice 'presents a nearly impossible challenge'

What happens to the mu signal during physical movement according to Question 40?

It decreases or dissipates ('dissipating when we undertake active pursuits')

What is the definition of the verb 'embody' as used in the passage context?

To express, represent, or incorporate a concept (e.g., 'The Olympics has transcended to embody the human quest')

How is the noun 'novice' defined in the vocabulary list?

A beginner (e.g., 'For novices, manoeuvring the club presents a challenge')

What does the adjective 'intricate' mean in the context of the human mirror system?

Complex or detailed (e.g., 'Humans possess an even more intricate mirror neuron system')

What is the meaning of the verb 'internalize' in cognitive psychology contexts?

To absorb or integrate external behaviors (e.g., 'Enabling us to internalize the behaviours of others')

What does the verb 'delineate' mean?

To describe or outline in detail (e.g., 'Coined the term to delineate the concept of mirror neurons')

What does the verb 'decipher' mean when applied to motor knowledge?

To decode or understand the meaning of something (e.g., 'Motor knowledge is harnessed to decipher observed actions')

What is the meaning of the verb 'coalesce' in the passage?

To merge, combine, or unite (e.g., 'Action and imagination coalesce to drive performance')

What does the verb 'resonate' mean in the context of mirror neurons?

To evoke shared emotion or echo in unison (e.g., 'Mirror neurons in individuals around the world resonate in unison')

Which collocation refers to the conscious mental effort novices use in adjacent brain regions?

Conscious effort

What collocation describes the type of movement required to activate mirror neuron cells?

Goal-oriented movement

Which phrasal verb means to attract or entice individuals as spectators?

Draw in (e.g., 'What exactly draws us in as spectators?')

Which phrasal verb means to turn on a broadcast to watch a program or drama?

Tune in (e.g., 'watch sport or tune in for emotional drama')

Which verb phrase describes where an emotional connection originates?

Find roots in (e.g., 'This emotional connection finds its roots in mirror neurons')