Ichthyology Fish Families and Anatomy

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Last updated 4:48 PM on 9/23/26
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48 Terms

1
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Petromyzontidae - lampreys - ex. Least Brook Lamprey (pg. 36)

  • pectoral fins absent

  • seven pore-like gill openings


<ul><li><p>pectoral fins absent</p></li><li><p>seven pore-like gill openings</p></li></ul><p></p>
2
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Acipenseridae - sturgeons - ex. Lake Sturgeon (pg. 42)

  • short, shovel-shaped mouth

  • barbels

  • bony plates


<ul><li><p>short, shovel-shaped mouth</p></li><li><p>barbels</p></li><li><p>bony plates</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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Polyodontidae - paddlefish - ex. Paddlefish (pg. 46)

  • long paddle snout

  • barbels

  • no scales


<ul><li><p>long paddle snout</p></li><li><p>barbels</p></li><li><p>no scales</p></li></ul><p></p>
4
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Lepisosteidae - gars - ex. Shortnose Gar (pg. 54)

  • long snout

  • ganoid scales

  • posterior dorsal fin


<ul><li><p>long snout</p></li><li><p>ganoid scales</p></li><li><p>posterior dorsal fin</p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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Amiidae - bowfin - ex. Bowfin (pg. 56)

  • gular (bony) bony plate under jaw

  • dorsal fin >half the length of the body

  • cycloid scales


<ul><li><p>gular (bony) bony plate under jaw</p></li><li><p>dorsal fin &gt;half the length of the body</p></li><li><p>cycloid scales</p></li></ul><p></p>
6
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Hiodontidae - mooneyes - ex. Mooneye (pg. 60)

  • dorsal fin over anal fin base

  • long anal fin

  • full lateral line


<ul><li><p>dorsal fin over anal fin base</p></li><li><p>long anal fin</p></li><li><p>full lateral line</p></li></ul><p></p>
7
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Anguillidae - eel - ex. American Eel (pg. 62)

  • no pelvic fins

  • dorsal, caudal, and anal fins continuous

  • scales so small, appears to be scale-less


<ul><li><p>no pelvic fins</p></li><li><p>dorsal, caudal, and anal fins continuous</p></li><li><p>scales so small, appears to be scale-less</p></li></ul><p></p>
8
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Clupeidae - herrings - ex. Gizzard Shad (pg. 68)

  • dorsal fin over pelvic fin

  • no lateral line

  • squished face


<ul><li><p>dorsal fin over pelvic fin</p></li><li><p>no lateral line</p></li><li><p>squished face</p></li></ul><p></p>
9
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Leuciscidae (Cyprinidae) - minnows, exotic carp, and goldfish - ex. Creek Chub (pg. 94)

  • inferior (forward) anal fin

  • rounded face

  • subterminal mouth

  • rounded caudal fin


<ul><li><p>inferior (forward) anal fin</p></li><li><p>rounded face</p></li><li><p>subterminal mouth</p></li><li><p>rounded caudal fin</p></li></ul><p></p>
10
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Catostomidae - suckers - ex. Northern Hogsucker (pg. 190)

  • inferior mouth

  • posterior anal fin

  • lips


<ul><li><p>inferior mouth</p></li><li><p>posterior anal fin</p></li><li><p>lips</p></li></ul><p></p>
11
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Ictaluridae - catfishes - ex. Channel Catfish (pg. 208)

  • barbels

  • pectoral and dorsal fin have one spiny ray

  • large anal fin

  • adipose fin

  • no scales


<ul><li><p>barbels</p></li><li><p>pectoral and dorsal fin have one spiny ray</p></li><li><p>large anal fin</p></li><li><p>adipose fin</p></li><li><p>no scales</p></li></ul><p></p>
12
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Esocidae - pikes and mudminnow - ex. Grass Pickerel (pg. 232)

  • duck-billed snout

  • long body

  • tail deeply forked

  • small scales on head

  • posterior dorsal fin

  • large canine teeth


<ul><li><p>duck-billed snout</p></li><li><p>long body</p></li><li><p>tail deeply forked</p></li><li><p>small scales on head</p></li><li><p>posterior dorsal fin</p></li><li><p>large canine teeth</p></li></ul><p></p>
13
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Osmeridae - smelt - ex. Rainbow Smelt (pg. 240)

  • jaw (maxillary) goes past middle of eye

  • adipose fin

  • strong teeth

  • only Ohio species is Rainbow

  • no pelvic axillary process


<ul><li><p>jaw (maxillary) goes past middle of eye</p></li><li><p>adipose fin</p></li><li><p>strong teeth</p></li><li><p>only Ohio species is Rainbow</p></li><li><p>no pelvic axillary process</p></li></ul><p></p>
14
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Salmonidae - trouts and whitefishes - ex. Cutthroat Trout (pg. 242)

  • pelvic axillary process

  • jaw doesn’t go past eye, but is under

  • has lateral line

  • adipose fin


<ul><li><p>pelvic axillary process</p></li><li><p>jaw doesn’t go past eye, but is under</p></li><li><p>has lateral line</p></li><li><p>adipose fin</p></li></ul><p></p>
15
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Percopsidae - trout-perch - Trout-Perch (pg. 254)

  • small adipose fin

  • one or two anal spines

  • two weak dorsal spines

  • minute pelvic spine

  • ctenoid scales

  • large nostrils

  • lateral line with dark spots


<ul><li><p>small adipose fin</p></li><li><p>one or two anal spines</p></li><li><p>two weak dorsal spines</p></li><li><p>minute pelvic spine</p></li><li><p>ctenoid scales</p></li><li><p>large nostrils</p></li><li><p>lateral line with dark spots</p></li></ul><p></p>
16
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Aphredoderidae - pirate perch - Pirate Perch (pg. 256)

  • anus at head

  • black bar before caudal fin

  • black “tear” under eye


<ul><li><p>anus at head</p></li><li><p>black bar before caudal fin</p></li><li><p>black “tear” under eye</p></li></ul><p></p>
17
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Lotidae - burbot - ex. Burbot (pg. 258)

  • one barbel on chin

  • extended dorsal and anal fins


<ul><li><p>one barbel on chin</p></li><li><p>extended dorsal and anal fins</p></li></ul><p></p>
18
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Atherinopsidae - silversides - Brook Silverside (pg. 260)

  • extended mouth

  • two dorsal fins

  • long anal fin

  • silver side

  • cycloid scales


<ul><li><p>extended mouth</p></li><li><p>two dorsal fins</p></li><li><p>long anal fin</p></li><li><p>silver side</p></li><li><p>cycloid scales</p></li></ul><p></p>
19
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Fundulidae - killifishes - pg. 262

  • small

  • anal and dorsal fins aligned

  • small, lateral pelvic fin

  • small mouth


<ul><li><p>small</p></li><li><p>anal and dorsal fins aligned</p></li><li><p>small, lateral pelvic fin</p></li><li><p>small mouth</p></li></ul><p></p>
20
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Poeciliidae - livebearers - Western Mosquitofish (pg. 270)

  • small

  • large belly

  • terminal dorsal fin

  • sexual dimorphism in anal fin

  • bears live young


<ul><li><p>small</p></li><li><p>large belly</p></li><li><p>terminal dorsal fin</p></li><li><p>sexual dimorphism in anal fin</p></li><li><p>bears live young</p></li></ul><p></p>
21
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Gasterosteidae - stickleback - Brook Stickleback (pg. 272)

  • naked

  • spines on back

  • aligned dorsal and anal fins


<ul><li><p>naked</p></li><li><p>spines on back</p></li><li><p>aligned dorsal and anal fins</p></li></ul><p></p>
22
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Cottidae - sculpins - Northern Mottled Sculpin (pg. 274)

  • large pectoral

  • naked

  • downturned mouth


<ul><li><p>large pectoral</p></li><li><p>naked</p></li><li><p>downturned mouth</p></li></ul><p></p>
23
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Moronidae - temperate basses - Striped Bass (pg. 280)

  • forked tail

  • one spined, one rayed dorsal fin (could have slight connection)

  • spine on opercle flap


<ul><li><p>forked tail</p></li><li><p>one spined, one rayed dorsal fin (could have slight connection)</p></li><li><p>spine on opercle flap</p></li></ul><p></p>
24
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Centrarchidae - sunfishes - Sunfish (pg. 284)

  • conjoined dorsal and anal fins

  • upturned mouth

  • aligned pelvic and pectoral fins


<ul><li><p>conjoined dorsal and anal fins</p></li><li><p>upturned mouth</p></li><li><p>aligned pelvic and pectoral fins</p></li></ul><p></p>
25
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Percidae - perches - ex. Sauger (pg. 316)

  • pelvic and pectoral aligned

  • two dorsal fins - one spined, one rayed

  • torpedo-shaped


<ul><li><p>pelvic and pectoral aligned</p></li><li><p>two dorsal fins - one spined, one rayed</p></li><li><p>torpedo-shaped</p></li></ul><p></p>
26
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Sciaenidae - drum - ex. Freshwater Drum (pg. 364)

  • lateral line extending into caudal fin

  • long soft dorsal after rayed dorsal

  • pelvic and pectoral aligned

  • fanned tail

  • subterminal mouth

  • pharyngeal jaws

  • lateral line extending into caudal fin


<ul><li><p>lateral line extending into caudal fin</p></li><li><p>long soft dorsal after rayed dorsal</p></li><li><p>pelvic and pectoral aligned</p></li><li><p>fanned tail</p></li><li><p>subterminal mouth</p></li><li><p>pharyngeal jaws</p></li><li><p>lateral line extending into caudal fin</p></li></ul><p></p>
27
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Gobiidae - gobies - ex. Round Goby (pg. 366)

  • fused pelvic fins

  • round face

  • subterminal mouth

  • homocercal tail


<ul><li><p>fused pelvic fins</p></li><li><p>round face</p></li><li><p>subterminal mouth</p></li><li><p>homocercal tail</p></li></ul><p></p>
28
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hetercercal fin

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29
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homocercal fin

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30
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forked caudal fin

D.

<p>D.</p>
31
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notched caudal fin

C.

<p>C.</p>
32
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rounded caudal fin

A.

<p>A.</p>
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fan-shaped caudal fin

B.

<p>B.</p>
34
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ganoid scale

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ctenoid scale

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36
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cycloid scale

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placoid scale

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cosmoid scales

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39
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gas bladder

40
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kidney

41
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intestines

42
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gill arches

43
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lateral line

44
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heart (atrium/ventricle)

45
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stomach

46
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liver


47
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pyloric cacae

48
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pharyngeal jaws

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