ARCH 307 Exam #3 Slide IDs

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Underground Aqueduct

2nd century CE

Cologne

Contained intermittent access shafts

Construction began with access shafts; slaves then dug tunnels towards each other

Example of typical aqueduct

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Pont du Gard

Late 1st century CE

Southern France

One of the best preserved and strongly constructed Roman aqueducts

Consists of a 3-tiered archway

Later purposed as a bridge

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Forum Baths

Ostia

circa 160 CE

Non-symmetrical balnae bath adapted to the city’s form

Oriented saunas and sun room towards SW; utilized sunlight to reduce burning fuel for heat

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Baths of Caracalla

212-216 CE

Rome

One of the largest baths constructed during the Roman period

Contained a circular caldarium with windows

Heavily decorated in every possible aspect including grand lighting and large statuary

House of Menander

2nd century BCE - 1st century CE

Pompeii

Contains the Tuscan style atrium with column decorations around the impluvium

Other styles include Corinthian (many columns decorating the impluvium), Tetrastyle (4 columns decorating the impluvium), and Displuviate (no column decorations and compluvium directs water away from impluvium)

House of the Silver Wedding

1st century BCE

Pompeii

Contains an oecus, an ornate room with a false barrel vaulted ceiling and unknown purpose

Oecus possibly used as a parlor, tablinum, or fine-dining

House of the Gilded Cupids

2nd century BCE

Pompeii

Contains a peristyle, a portico colonnade surrounding a green or garden space

Peristyles highly valued by Romans due to recreational space

Often included statues, water features, and plants

Suspended Ceiling

A series of wooden rods at different lengths holding up a plastered

Made to imitate barrel vaults (e.g. House of the Silver Wedding)

Often decorated with moldings and paint; rooms with very elaborate designs indicate no light or fires

1st Pompeian Style

200-80 BCE

Imitated blocks of various marbles

Found in houses like House of Sallust (100 BCE)

2nd Pompeian Style

80 BCE-14 CE

Imitates looking out of a window onto exterior architectural or landscape scenes

Possibly modeled off theaters

Appeared as hyper realistic to Romans, not so much to us due to multiple vanishing points

Opus Incertum

Irregular shaped stones placed into cement as decorative facing

First example found at the Porticus Aemelia

Began to appear around 2nd century BCE

Opus Reticulatum

Regularly diamond shaped stones placed into cement as decorative facing

Began to appear around 1st century BCE

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Opus Testaceum

Consists of two types of brick stone placed into cement for decorative facing

Thin, less porous brick roof tiles

Thick, triangularly shaped bricks for walls

Both kinds datable using brick stamps made by manufactures

Tomb of Trebius Justus

2nd century CE

Rome

Horologium Augusti

9 BCE

Rome

Large sundial constructed by Augustus

Used a looted Egyptian obelisk as the gnomon and a courtyard as the analemma

Remnants of the analemma discovered by Edmund Buchner by using the obelisk’s height and base

Cherisphron’s Machine

Capable of pulling cylindrical objects by fastening them into a frame pulled by oxen

Used to transport large objects like column shafts

Metagnes’ Machine

Capable of pulling prismed objects by fastening the ends of the object into circular wooden wheels pulled by oxen

Used to transport large objects like architraves or blocks or marble

Ctesibius’ Water Pump

A piston pump with return valves that could provide fresh water from underground

Two pistons push water through a one way valve that pushes water to the surface

Doubled as a water organ

Aeolus Sphere

An apparatus where boiled water and steam spun a sphere as it leaked

Designated as a party trick to the Romans, but the very beginning of steam power

Blue Shield International

Non-profit organization that seeks to protect antiquities in active warzones

Educates global militaries about the Hague Convention, which are rules of engagement set to promote cultural heritage

Also used as a marker in active combat zones to identify cultural sites