Ions and Electron Configurations

Vocabulary flashcards covering the definitions of ions, cations, anions, valence rules, and specific ion formations, charges, and electron configurations from the lecture worksheet.

Ion

A charged particle.

Cation

An ion with a net positive charge, typically formed by metals.

Anion

An ion with a net negative charge, typically formed by nonmetals.

Valence Shell

The outermost electron shell of an atom; atoms form ions or share electrons to create a full valence shell.

Noble Gases

The group of elements that do not form ions because they already have a full outer valence shell of electrons.

Charge of Main Group Ions

The electrical charge of an ion formed by a main group element, determined by counting how many electrons are gained or lost.

Cesium ion ($Cs^+$)

An ion formed when a cesium atom with $1$ valence electron and $55$ total electrons loses $1$ electron, resulting in $54$ total electrons and $5$ electron shells.

Aluminum ion ($Al^{3+}$)

An ion formed when an aluminum atom with $3$ valence electrons and $13$ total electrons loses $3$ electrons, resulting in $10$ total electrons and $2$ electron shells.

Magnesium ion ($Mg^{2+}$)

An ion formed when a magnesium atom with $2$ valence electrons and $12$ total electrons loses $2$ electrons, resulting in $10$ total electrons and $2$ electron shells.

Oxide ion ($O^{2-}$)

An ion formed when an oxygen atom with $6$ valence electrons and $8$ total electrons gains $2$ electrons, resulting in $10$ total electrons and $2$ electron shells.

Bromide ion ($Br^-$)

An ion formed when a bromine atom with $7$ valence electrons and $35$ total electrons gains $1$ electron, resulting in $36$ total electrons and $4$ electron shells.

Iodide ion ($I^-$)

An ion formed when an iodine atom with $7$ valence electrons and $53$ total electrons gains $1$ electron, resulting in $54$ total electrons and $5$ electron shells.

Calcium ion ($Ca^{2+}$)

An ion formed when a calcium atom with $2$ valence electrons and $20$ total electrons loses $2$ electrons, resulting in $18$ total electrons and $3$ electron shells.

Chloride ion ($Cl^-$)

An ion formed when a chlorine atom with $7$ valence electrons and $17$ total electrons gains $1$ electron, resulting in $18$ total electrons and $3$ electron shells.

Gallium ion ($Ga^{3+}$)

An ion formed when a gallium atom with $3$ valence electrons and $31$ total electrons loses $3$ electrons, resulting in $28$ total electrons and $3$ electron shells.

Sulfide ion ($S^{2-}$)

An ion formed when a sulfur atom with $6$ valence electrons and $16$ total electrons gains $2$ electrons, resulting in $18$ total electrons and $3$ electron shells.

Selenide ion ($Se^{2-}$)

An ion formed when a selenium atom with $6$ valence electrons and $34$ total electrons gains $2$ electrons, resulting in $36$ total electrons and $4$ electron shells.

Strontium ion ($Sr^{2+}$)

An ion formed when a strontium atom with $2$ valence electrons and $38$ total electrons loses $2$ electrons, resulting in $36$ total electrons and $4$ electron shells.

Neon Isoelectronic Species

Elements that form ions possessing the same $10$-electron configuration as neon, including $O$, $F$, $Na$, $Mg$, and $Al$.

Argon Isoelectronic Species

Elements that form ions possessing the same $18$-electron configuration as argon, including $S$, $Cl$, $K$, and $Ca$.