Art History 110 Exam 1 Flashcards

Flashcards covering key artwork, sculptures, architecture, and historical monuments across ancient civilizations.

The Lion Panel. A prehistoric cave wall painting located in Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc Cave (Ardèche, France), dating to c. 32–30,000 years old.

Spotted Horses of Pech Merle. Prehistoric wall paintings of spotted horses located in Pech Merle Cave (Occitania, France), dating to c. 25,000 years old.

Lion-Man Figure. A prehistoric figurine carved out of mammoth ivory, measuring 31.1 cm (12.2 in.) in height, recovered from Hohlenstein-Stadel cave in Germany and dating to c. 40–35,000 years old.

The Woman of Willendorf. A Paleolithic female figurine carved from limestone and highlighted with red ochre, found in Austria, measuring 11.1 cm (4.4 in.) in height and dating to c. 30,000 years old.

Göbekli Tepe Pillar Relief. A carved stone pillar with animal relief carvings from Göbekli Tepe (Turkey), dating to c. 9600–8200 BCE.

Marble Sculpture of a Woman (Çatal Höyük). A Neolithic marble sculpture of a female figure from Çatal Höyük, measuring 17 cm (6.7 in.) in height and dating to c. 6300–6100 BCE.

Stonehenge. A megalithic monument in Wiltshire, England (c. 2600–2400 BCE), featuring a 33 m (108-ft.) diameter circle of 30 upright sarsen sandstone blocks spanned by lintels, a central horseshoe of five triliths, and bluestones brought from 125 miles away.

Newgrange Tomb. A Neolithic passage tomb in County Meath, Ireland (c. 3200 BCE), consisting of a mound 76 m (249 ft.) across and 12 m (39 ft.) high, with a 19 m (60 ft.) passage leading to a central corbel-vaulted chamber with three side chambers.

Jomon Ceramic Vessel. An ancient Japanese ceramic vessel dating to c. 5,000 BCE, measuring 15 cm (5.9 in.) in height.

Proto-Cuneiform Tablet. An early clay writing tablet measuring 6 cm (2 1/3 in.) wide, likely from Uruk (modern-day Warka, Iraq), dating to c. 3100–2900 BCE.

Late Uruk Cylinder Seal. A marble cylinder seal measuring 6.3 cm (2 ½ in.) high and its clay impression, dating to c. 3300–2900 BCE from the Late Uruk period.

Abu Temple Votive Statues. Early Dynastic Period (c. 2900–2550 BCE) Sumerian votive figures excavated from the Abu Temple at Eshnunna (Tell Asmar, Iraq), carved from gypsum, limestone, and alabaster with eyes inlaid with shell, limestone, and lapis lazuli.

Victory Stele of Naram-Sin. A carved limestone stele standing 200 cm (79 in.) high, dating to c. 2250 BCE, depicting the victory of the Akkadian ruler Naram-Sin over his enemies.

Statue of Gudea of Lagash. A carved diorite sculpture depicting the Neo-Sumerian ruler Gudea of Lagash, dating to c. 2144–2124 BCE.

Ziggurat of Ur-Nammu. A monumental Neo-Sumerian stepped platform structure in Ur (modern-day Tell el-Muqayyar, Iraq), dating to c. 2100–2000 BCE, measuring approximately 64 x 45 x 30 m (210 x 148 x 98 ft.).

Stele of the Law Code of Hammurabi. A 2.25 m (7.4 ft.) tall basalt stele from the Babylonian period (c. 1754 BCE), inscribed with the legal code of Hammurabi and topped with a relief carving of Hammurabi and the god Shamash.

Lamassu (Palace of Ashurnasirpal II). A colossal alabaster protective deity figure standing 311.2 cm (122 ½ in.) high, from Neo-Assyrian ruler Ashurnasirpal II’s palace at Kalhu (modern-day Nimrud, Iraq), c. 883–859 BCE.

Battle of Til-Tuba Relief. A stone relief detail from the palace of Ashurbanipal in Nineveh (modern-day Mosul, Iraq), dating to c. 650–640 BCE, illustrating scenes from the Battle of Til-Tuba.

Reliefs on the East Stairs of the Apadana. Stone relief carvings on the East Stairs of the Apadana at Persepolis (in modern-day Iran), dating to the early 5th century BCE.

The Palette of Narmer. A Protodynastic Egyptian slate palette standing 64 cm (25 1/5 in.) high, carved with reliefs on both sides, discovered in the temple of Horus at Nekhen (Hierakonpolis), c. 3100–2950 BCE.

The Pyramid of Khafre. A Fourth Dynasty Egyptian pyramid at Giza (c. 2520–2494 BCE) constructed of limestone blocks weighing ~2 tons each, measuring 215.5 m (706 ft.) per side and rising 136.4 m (448 ft.), with its original polished white limestone casing surviving at the top.

Statue of King Menkaure and his Queen. A Fourth Dynasty greywacke statue standing 142.2 cm (56 in.) high, excavated from the Valley Temple of Menkaure at Giza, dating to c. 2490–2472 BCE.

The Seated Scribe. A Fourth or Fifth Dynasty Egyptian sculpture from Saqqara (c. 2600–2350 BCE) made of painted and plastered limestone with inlaid quartz crystal eyes, measuring 53.7 cm (21 1/7 in.) in height.

Judgment Scene from the Book of the Dead of Hunefer. A 19th Dynasty Egyptian papyrus painting measuring 45 cm (17 ¾ in.) high, c. 1300–1275 BCE, depicting Hunefer's judgment scene before Osiris.

Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut. An 18th Dynasty terraced mortuary temple constructed at Deir el-Bahari, Egypt (c. 1473–1458 BCE), located in front of the older Mortuary Temple of Mentuhotep II.

Sculpture of Akhenaten and Nefertiti from a household shrine, Akhetaten (Amarna), 18th Dynasty, c. 1353–1335 BCE, painted limestone, height =  22.2 cm (8 ¾ in.

Early Cycladic II Female Figure. A stylized marble sculpture of a female figure from the Cyclades (c. 2600–2400 BCE), measuring 62.8 cm (24 3/4 in.) in length.

Minoan Bull-Leaping Fresco. A Minoan wall painting from the Palace of Knossos in Crete (c. 1550–1450 BCE), measuring approximately 104.5 cm (41.1 in.) in width, showing figures leaping over a charging bull.

Fangding (Tomb of Fu Hao). A bronze rectangular ritual vessel with four legs excavated from the tomb of Fu Hao at Anyang, China, dating to the Shang Dynasty (c. 1300 BCE).

Kneeling Archer (Tomb of Qin Shi Huangdi). A terracotta figure of a kneeling armored archer from the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huangdi in Lintong, Shaanxi, China, dating to the third century BCE.