SECOND SEMESTER REVIEW

ingrowth fixation

poress ingrowth fixation

aaah

cemented fixation

aaaaaah

If something has dislocated before, it is likely to dislocate again

true

Scapulohumeral rhythm

synchronized motion btw the glenoid cavity and humerus during elevation

2:1

Scapulohumeral rhythm; for every ___ degrees of GH abduction, there is ___ degree of upward rotation

median nerve

compression of this nerve causes carpal tunnel syndrome

symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome

PRAGMATIC- pregnancy, RA, Arthritis (degenerative), growth hormone abdormalities, metabolic, amytrophy, trauma, idiopathic, collagen disorders

sprain grades

CAPTE

make descisions about accreditation of edu. programs for PT and PTA schools

APTA

design policy and procedures reguarding physical therapy

FSBPT

designs quastions for the national physical therapy examination

state board of PT

oversees state lisensure laws

connective tissue

provides structural and metabolic support. EX: bone, cartilage, tendon, ligaments, blood, fascia

fibroblasts

produce collagen

myotendinous junction

common location for muscle injuries

muscle

Which is more vascular: Muscle or bone?

kinematics

describes motion of the body in reguards to space and time

kinetics

actions or forces applied to the body

magnitude

size and strength of a force

magnitude

size or length of a vector

vector

magnitude and direction of a force

joint reaction forces

forces of muscle contraction absorbed by articular cartilage

force couple

induce rotation but not a force

anterior pelvic tilt

caused by hip flexors and spin erectors

posterior pelvic tilt

caused by hip extensors and the abdominals

First class lever

the axis ls btw the load and the effort

second class lever

the resistance is btw the axis and the force

third class lever

the force is btw the axis and the resistance

Mild / first degree strain

minor swelling, local tenderness; tear of few fibers

moderate / second degree strain

loss or strength and pain with activity

severe / third degree strain

complete tear if the whole muscle; no pain or severe pain and loss of function

Grade I (mild)

stretching of ligament but no fiber damage

Grade II (moderate)

stretching of ligament and tearing of some fibers

Grade III (severe)

almost complete ligament disruption

Grade I (mild)

little to no swelling or bruising, localized tenderness, no abnormal motion (ligament)

Grade II (moderate)

significant structural weakening, some abnormal motion, solid end feel

Grade III (severe)

abnormal motion, loss of structural integrity, signifigant bruising and hemarthrosis

Osteoarthritis

Exercise will most likely help which: Osteoarthritis or RA

osteoporosis

pt.s with this would benefit from weight bearing exercises

capsular pattern

limitation of pain or movement in a joint-specific ratio

contracture

a fixed high resistance to passive stretch

evaluation

analysis of the collected data

high, low

Imaging studies have a ___ sensitivity and ___ specificity

high sensitivity

few false negatives

low specificity

high false positives

more

Which will be lighter on an x-ray: something with more or less density?

isometric contraction

static contraction; produces no change in muscle length or any joint movement

concentric contraction

dynamic; shortening of muscle fibers

essentric contraction

dynamic; muscle fibers lengthen

isokinetic contraction

muscle maximally contracted at same speed throughout the whole range

anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL)

prevent over extension of spine

posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL)

limit spine flexion

ligamentum flavum (LF)

btw laminae and prevents their seperation

interspinous ligament (ISL)

btw neighboring spinal processes

supraspinous ligament (SSL)

only well developed in upper lumar region

posterior pelvic tilt

used for dynamic ftrunk flexion activity

zygapophyseal dysfunction

most commonly cited biomechanical fault of facet joints; contributes to LBP

extension bias

people with disc herniations are usually on this bias

herniation

any change in the shape of the annulus that causes it to buldge

protrusion

nucleus buldges against and intact annulus

diskectomy

surgical removal of herniated disk

microdiskectomy

tiny incision to remove only a portion of the disk impinging a nerve root

spondylolysis

from repeated microtrauma btw facet joints and have a flexion bias

spondylosis

degenerative arthritis; wear and tear; “gray "hair”

spondylolisthesis

anterior slippage occuring at L5 and S1

spondylolisthesis

caused by defect in pars interarticularis; “scotty dog.”

spondylolisthesis

have a flexion bias; extension and torsion hurts

interclavicular ligament

restricts downward forces

costoclavicular ligament

restricts superior forces

glenohumeral ligament

limits excessive motion of humeral head

inferior glenohumeral ligament

provides anterior stabilization

superior glenohumeral ligament

prevents posterior and inferior instability

coracohumeral ligament

provides anterior support: reinforces upper joint capsule

transverse humeral ligament

stabilizes long head of the biceps

elevation

shoulder: limited by coracohumeral ligament

depression

shoulder: limited by interclavicular ligament

winging

horizontal adduction of the humerus

thumb motions

opposition, reposition, flexion, extension, abduction ,adduction

hip adductor sprains

jumping, running, twisting activities

adductor strain

A soccar player forcfulling kicking a ball is stopped by a sliding tackle with an abducted leg will cause what injury?

prone

places hips in extension

iliopsoas

muscle injured by forced hip extension while actively flexed

eccentric

hamstring injuries usually occur with this phaseof muscle usage

iliotibial band friction syndrome

common in runners and cycleists

iliotibial band friction syndrome

pain a lateral knee with repetivie motions of the knee; aggrivated by stairs or. changes in terrain

ORIF

surgery for unstable fractures

pelvis

fractures in this area have a high mortality rate

acetabulum

fractures here are rare: result from high velocity trauma

autologous grafts

harvasted from the pt.

allogenic graft

harvested from a cadaver or donor

synthetic grafts

no longer used; inorganic material

ATFL

most sprained ligament in the entire body

ATFL

sprained through inversion and plantarflexion

tarsal tunnel syndrome

entrapment of tibial nerve

acute compartment syndrome s/s

pain, paralysis, paresthesia, pallor, pulses