Bones of the pelvic girdle and lower extremity

Ilium

forms the superior region of the hip bone and part of the acetabular surface

iliac crest, iliac fossa, arcuate line, sacroiliac joint, greater sciatic notch

Marking of the ilium

Iliac crest

superior border of the ilium, beginning at the sacrum and ending on the lateral aspect of the hip.

Iliac fossa

large fossa on the anteromedial surface, inferior to the iliac crest

Arcuate line

oblique line b/w the ilium and ischium that composes the iliac part of the linea terminalis (pelvic brim) of the bony pelvis

Sacroiliac joint

where each hip bone articulates posteriorly w/ the sacrum

Greater sciatic notch

deep notch on the posterior surface of the ilium inferior to the posterior inferior iliac spine

Ischium

fuses w/ the ilium near the superior and posterior margins of the acetabulum

Markings of the ischium

ischial tuberosity, ischial spine, lesser sciatic notch

Ischial tuberosity

large, rough projection on the posterior, inferior surface of the ischium; attachment site for hamstring muscles

Ischial spine

small, sharp spine on the posterior aspect of the ischium b/w the greater and lesser sciatic notches

lesser sciatic notch

notch located immediately inferior to the ischial spine on the posterior surface of the ilium

Pubis

fuses w/ ilium and ischium at the acetabulum

Rami, pubic symphysis, pubic arch

Markings of the pubis

Rami

extends from the ischial tuberosity toward its anterior fusion w/ the pubis

Pubic symphysis

denotes site of articulation b/w the pubic bones

Pubic arch

angle formed when the left and right pubic bones are aligned at their symphysial surfaces. Females have a wider arch than males do

Acetabulum, obturator foramen

markings associated w/ os coxa when fused

Os coxa

hip bone. has left and right

Acetabulum

deep bony socket; articulates w/ the head of the femur

Obturator foramen

large, oval hole in the inferior part of the hip bone

Femur

2 bones. longest, strongest, and heaviest bone in the body. thigh bone

head, neck, greater trochanter, lesser trochanter, intertrochanteric crest, linea aspera, lateral condyle, medial condyle, intercondylar fossa, patellar surface

Markings of the femur

Head of the femur

large, spherical structure on the proximal end of the femur; articulates w/ the acetabulum of hip bone

Neck of the femur

narrow portion where the head meets the shaft of the femur; part of the femur that’s fractured in a “broken hip”

Greater trochanter

very large projection on the proximal end of the femur; articulates w/ the acetabulum of hip bone

Lesser trochanter

large projection on the proximal, medial surface; attachment site of iliopsoas muscle

Intertrochanteric crest

large ridge that runs b/w the greater and lesser trochanters on the posterior surface; separates shaft and neck of femur

Linea aspera

rough line that runs vertically along the posterior surface of the shaft

Lateral condyle of the femur

large, rounded surface; articulates w/ the lateral condyle of the tibia

Medial condyle of the femur

rounded surface; articulates w/ the medial condyle of the tibia

Intercondylar fossa

depression on the distal end of the femur b/w the 2 condyles

Patellar surface

smooth depression on the distal, anterior surface; articulates w/ the patella

Patella

2 bones. kneecap. large, roughly triangular bone. no markings to know

Tibia

2 bones. medially placed bone and the only weight bearing bone of the crural region

Medial condyle, lateral condyle, intercondylar eminence, tibial tuberosity, medial malleolus, anterior crest

Marking of the tibia

Medial condyle of the tibia

large, flat surface on the proximal, medial surface; articulates w/ the medial condyle of the femur

Lateral condyle of tibia

large, flat surface on the proximal, lateral surface; articulates w/ the lateral condyle of the femur

Intercondylar eminence

prominent projection b/w the 2 condyles on the proximal surface

Tibial tuberosity

projection on the proximal, anterior surface; attachment site for the patellar ligament (quadriceps femoris muscle attachment)

Medial malleolus

projection on the distal, medial surface; prominent bony landmark at the ankle

Anterior crest

aka the shin. ridge on the anterior surface extending distally from the tibial tuberosity

Fibula

2 bones. long, thin, lateral bone of the leg. doesn’t bear any weight

Head, lateral malleollus

Markings of the fibula

Head of the fibula

rounded proximal end of the fibula

Lateral malleolus

projection on the distal, lateral surface; prominent bony landmark at the ankle

Tarsals

makes up ankle and proximal foot

calcaneus, cuboid, intermediate cuneiform, lateral cuneiform, medial cuneiform, navicular, talus

Names of the tarsals

Calcaneus

bone that forms the heel of the foot; attachment site for calcaneal tendon

Cuboid

cube-shaped bone; located at the base of the 4th metatarsal

Intermediate cuneiform

wedge-shaped bone; located at the base of the 2nd metatarsal

Lateral cuneiform

wedge-shaped bone; located at the base of the 1st metatarsal

Navicular

bone shaped like a boat; located just anterior to the talus

Talus

major weight-bearing bone of the ankle; articulates w'/ the tibia and fibula

Metatarsals

5 bones in the arch of the foot; each bone consists of a head, body, and base

Phalanges

bones of the toes. all of the toes have 3 phalanges except the big toe

Proximal phalanges

phalanx closest to metatarsal bones

Intermediate phalanges

middle phalanx

Distal phalanges

small, cone-shaped phalanx forming the end of the toes

Hallux

big toe

medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, distal phalanges

Markings of the arches of the foot

Medial longitudinal

highest of the 3 arches. extends from the heel to the big toe

Lateral longitudinal

not as high as medial arch so this part of the foot does contribute to the footprint. extends b/w the little toe and the heel

Transverse

runs perpendicular to the longitudinal arches. formed from the distal row of the tarsals and the bases of all 5 metatarsals