Unit 3 AP HuG

acculturation

the process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of two groups, each of which retains distinct cultural features.

agnosticism

the belief that the existence of God cannot be proven or disproven empirically

architecture

artifacts

assimilation

the process by which a group’s cultural features are altered to resemble those of another group

atheism

the belief that God does not exist

autonomous religions

a religion that does not have a central authority but shares ideas and cooperates informally

balkanization

branch (relifion)

a large and fundamental division within a religion

caste system

the class or distinct hereditary order into which a Hindu is assigned, according to religious law

centripetal force

a cultural value that tends to unify people

centrifugal force

a cultural value that tends to pull people apart.

contagious difusion

the rapid, wide-spread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population

creole or creolized language

mix of colonizer and indigenous language

cultural convergence

cultural divergence

cultural homogenization

the process of reduction in cultural diversity through the diffusion of popular culture.

cultural landscape

an approach to studying geography that emphasizes the relationship between social and physical phenomena in a particular area. The interaction of the environment, agriculture, religion, language, etc.

cultural relativism

culture

the collection of material traits, customary beliefs, and social forms that together create the distinct tradition of a group.

custom

The frequent rpitition of an act, to the extent that it becomes characteristic of the group of people performing the act.

dialect

a regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.

diaspora

diffusion

the process b which a feature spreads from one place to another over time

distribution

the arrangement of something across Earth’s surface

endangered language

a language that children are no longer learning, and its remaining speakers use it less frequently

ethnic cleansing

a purposeful policy designed by one ethnic or religious group to remove by violent and terror-inspiring means the civilian population of another ethnic or religious group from certain geographic areas

ethnic enclave

a place with a high concentration of an ethnic group that is distinct from those in the surrounding area

ethnic religion

a religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location in which its adherents are concentrated

ethnicity

identity with a group of people who share the cultural traditions a particular homeland or hearth.

ethnoburb

a suburban area with a cluster of a particular ethnic population

ethnophobia

fear of people of a particular ethnicity

ethnocentrism

expansion diffusion

folk, ethnic, indigenous culture

Culture traditionally practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group living in relative isolation from other groups.

fundamentalism

literal interpretation and and strict adherence to basic principles of a religion (or a religious branch, denomination, or congregation)

gender

genocide

the mass killing of a group of people in an attempt to eliminate the entire group from existence

globalization

habit

A repetitive act performed by a particular individual

hearth

hierarchical religions

a religion in which a central authority exercises a high degree of control

indigenous language

indigenous people

isolated language

a language that is unrelated to any other languages and thereforee not attached to any language family

language

a system of communication through speech, movement, sounds, or symbols that a group of people understands to have the same meaning.

language extinction (extinct language)

language branch

a collection of languages related through a common ancestor that can be confirmed through archaeological evidence

language family

a collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history

language group

a collection of languages within a branch that shares a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary

lingua franca

a language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages

monotheism

multiculturalism

nationality

identity with a group of people who share legal attachment to a particular country

nationalism

loyalty and devotion to a particular nationality

official language

the language adopted for use by a government for the conduct of business and publication of documents

pidgin language

simplified version of lingua franca

pilgrimage

a journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes

polytheism

popular (global) culture race

Culture found in a large, heterogeneous society that shares certain habits despite differences in other personal characteristics.

race

identity with a group of people who are perceived to share a physiological trait, such as skin color.

relocation diffusion

secularism

sense of place

sequent occupance

a way to describe the current cultural landscape of a region as a combination of all the people which have ‘sequentially’ occupied that region from the past to the present

stimulus diffusion

syncretism

blending of tow or more religous belief systems into a new system

taboo

restriction or behavior imposed by laws or social custom

threatened language

toponym

universalizing religion

value

working language

a language that is used by an international organization or corporation as its primary means of communication for daily correspondence and conversation

xenophobia

fear of people from other countries