Components of Skull - A&P Lab 3

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Last updated 6:35 PM on 9/23/26
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37 Terms

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Components of Skull

  1. Cranial Bones

  2. Facial Bones

  3. Fibrous Joints

  4. Facial Muscles


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Cranial Bones

Enclose and protect brain

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8 bones

Frontal

Parietal (2)

Temporal (2)

Occipital

Sphenoid

Ethmoid

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Frontal Bone

  • Protects frontal lobe

  • Forehead


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Parietal Bones

  • Protects parietal lobes

  • walls of skull


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Temporal Bones

  • protects temporal lobe

  • temples


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Occipital Bone

  • Protects occipital lobe and brainstem

  • lower, under skull


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Sphenoid Bone

  • Protects brain and Pituitary gland

  • Cranial process, bat-shaped


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Ethmoid Bone

  • Protects frontal lobe and nasal cavity

  • Irregular shape


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Facial Bones

Form the face

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14 bones

Nasal (2)

Maxillae (2)

Zygomatic (2)

Mandible

Lacrimal (2)

Palatine (2)

Inferior Nasal Conchae (2)

Vomer

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Nasal Bones

  • Protects nasal cavity

  • bridge of nose


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Maxillae Bones

  • Protects eyes, oral cavity

  • keystone bone of face


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Zygomatic Bones

  • Protects eyes

  • Cheek bones


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Mandible bone

  • Protects teeth, gums

  • Lower jaw


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Lacrimal Bones

  • Protects lacrimal apparatus in eye


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Palatine Bones

  • Breathe while chewing

  • Roof of mouth


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Inferior Nasal Conchae Bones

  • Filters air for lungs


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Vomer

  • Part of Nasal Septum

  • Plow shaped


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Synarthrosis

no movement, fibrous tissue

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Sutures

  • Immovable joints between cranial bones


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Coronal Suture

  • Coronal/Frontal plane

  • Front of skull


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Lambdoid Suture

  • Posterior (back) skull


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Squamous Suture

  • Squamous portion of temporal bone

  • Side of skull


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Sagittal Suture

  • Sagittal plane (vertical halves)

  • Top skull


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Gomphosis

  • Immovable

  • Collagen Fibers


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Fontanels

  • Sutures not yet formed

  • Softer fibers


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Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

Diarthrodial (free moving)

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Facial Muscles

Move face

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Epicranius Muscle

  • Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

  • Forehead


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Zygomaticus Major Muscle

  • Raises lateral corners of mouth (smile)

  • Cheeks


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Orbicularis Oculi Muscle

  • Closes eyelids

  • Eyes


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Orbicularis Oris Muscle

  • Close mouth, pucker lips

  • Mouth


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Mentalis Muscle

  • Pout

  • Chin


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Buccinator Muscle

  • Blowing

  • Cheek


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Platysma Muscle

  • Tense neck

  • Neck


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Masseter Muscle

  • Chewing

  • Zygomatic Arch → Mandible