AP Pysch Unit 1 Mater

neurons

communication lines of the brains - transmit signals.

Glial Cells

the brains support staff to maintain enviorment and provide nourishment to neurons, facilitating their function and maintaining homeostasis.

soma

cell body - control center, houses nucleus, and produce energy

Dendrites

listeners recieve incoming signals from other neurons

Axon

talker, send signals to other neurons or mussels, long stretch

Mylean Sheath

a protective covering that insulates axons and speeds up signal transmission.

Motor Neurons

Nerve cells that transmit signals from the brain and spinal cord to muscles (cns)

Inter neurons

anything in between initial sensation and response (multi polar)

Sensory Neurons

Bring Information from environment to the CNS

Reflex Arc

automatic rapid resonse to a stimuli for a quick reaction (sensory neuron to CNS)

How Do Neurons Communicate?

1) get inhibatory or excitatory messages

2) if a threshold is reached message is sent

Resting Potential (number)

-70mv

Action Potential Number

-55mv

Action Potential

A brief reversal of electrical charge that signals a message down the axon

Depolarization

When a nueron charge becomes less neg leading to firing

What element is entered in Depolarization Action Potential

Na/Sodium

Repolarization

the charge becoming more negative again

Hyperpolarization

when the charge becomes more negative below the resting potential of neg 70

Refractory Period

period when the cell cannot do another action potential

What goes in during the repolarization period

Potassium

What is responsible for preparing another action potential during the refractory period

Sodium Potassium Pump

Synapse -

The tiny junction between two neurons across which neurotransmitters or electrical impulses pass.

Synaptic Cleft

The space between the pre and post synaptic neurons

Reuptake Transport

brings the excess neurotransmitters back into the cell for recycling

enzyme

cuts up and kills extra neurotransmitters

Vesicles

carrys and holds the neurotransmitters

What process causes the vesicles to move towards the bottom of the cell

the entering of calcium

What to the neurons connect to on the post synaptic cell

reuptake pump

Neurons

Cells that transmit electrical and chemical signals throughout the brain and nervous system.

Cocaine

A powerful stimulant drug that increases dopamine levels by blocking its reuptake in the synapse.

Amphetamines

Stimulant drugs that stimulate neural activity by increasing the release and inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine.

Psychoactive Drugs

substances that lead and affect brain activity leading to a change in perception, mood or consiusness

Agonists

drugs that mimic neuro transmitters or enhance actors

Antagonists

block neurotransmitter activity

Stimulants

- speed up body function and enhance energy - caffine, meth, cocaine, seratonin, ecstacy, norepinphine

Caffine

adensosine antagonisits which is key for sleep