NSTP: Human Rights, Self-Awareness, Servant Leadership, and Volunteerism

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering constitutional foundations, the Bill of Rights, Miranda rights, dimensions of human rights, protective Philippine laws, self-awareness, psychological frameworks, volunteerism under R.A. 9418, servant leadership, and Covey's Seven Habits.

What does the 1987 Philippine Constitution declare as its core state policy regarding human dignity and rights?

The State values the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect for human rights.

How is a "right" defined in the constitutional foundations context?

A power or privilege held by the general public, usually established by a constitution, statute, regulation, or judicial precedent.

What fundamental principle is stated in Article I of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, 1948)?

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.

What are the four core characteristics of human rights?

Inherent, Universal, Inalienable, and Indivisible and Interdependent

What protections are guaranteed under Section 1 of the Bill of Rights (Article III of the 1987 Philippine Constitution)?

No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, and every person is entitled to equal protection under the law.

Under Section 2 of Article III, who may issue search or arrest warrants and upon what requirement?

Search warrants or arrest warrants must be issued exclusively by a judge upon probable cause.

What are the only two constitutional exceptions to the inviolability of privacy of communication under Section 3?

A lawful court order or when public safety requires it.

What condition must be met before private property can be taken for public use under Section 9?

The government must pay the owner just compensation.

What specific protections are granted to persons under custodial investigation under Section 12?

The right to remain silent, the right to competent and independent counsel (provided free if unaffordable), the right to be informed of these rights, a total ban on torture, force, intimidation, or secret detention facilities, and the inadmissibility of coerced confessions.

What is the sole exception to the constitutional right to bail before conviction under Section 13?

Those charged with offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua (life imprisonment) when evidence of guilt is strong.

Under what strict conditions may the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus be suspended according to Section 15?

Suspension is strictly limited to cases of invasion or rebellion when public safety requires it.

What does the right against double jeopardy establish under Section 21?

No person can be put on trial twice for the exact same criminal offense after acquittal or conviction.

What is the difference between an ex post facto law and a bill of attainder under Section 22?

An ex post facto law is a retroactive law that punishes an act that was innocent when committed, whereas a bill of attainder is a legislative act that inflicts punishment without a judicial trial.

What 1966 legal case gave rise to the Miranda Warning?

The Ernesto Miranda case, in which Ernesto Miranda was interrogated in Arizona without being informed of his right to remain silent or legal counsel, causing his coerced confession to be thrown out.

What are the four components of the standard Philippine Miranda Warning protocol?

1. Right to Silence; 2. Right to Counsel; 3. Right to Medical Examination (by an independent and competent doctor of choice); and 4. Verification ("Do you understand these rights?").

How are the three dimensions (generations) of human rights categorized according to their nature, primary focus, and core values?

First Generation covers Civil and Political Rights focused on protecting individuals from state abuse and safeguarding liberty (core value: personal liberty and political participation); Second Generation covers Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights guaranteeing basic needs and human development (core value: social justice and equal opportunity); and Third Generation covers Collective / Solidarity Rights promoting the welfare of entire communities and future generations (core value: global solidarity and collective welfare).

What key reforms were established by Republic Act No. 11648?

It raised the statutory age of sexual consent from 12 to 16 years old and strictly prohibited and criminalized child marriage in the Philippines.

What is the close-in-age exemption under R.A. 7610?

An exemption that protects relationships where the age gap between both parties is 3 years or less and both parties are 16 or older.

What criminal liability rule applies to minors under R.A. 10630 (Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act)?

Children aged 15 and below are exempt from criminal liability and must undergo mandatory intervention programs like counseling, education, and rehabilitation.

How did R.A. 8353 (The Anti-Rape Law of 1997) change the legal characterization of rape in the Philippines?

It reclassified rape from a private crime against chastity to a public crime against persons, recognized marital rape, and established lack of consent as the central legal factor.

What locations and behaviors are regulated by R.A. 11313 (Safe Spaces Act / Bawal Bastos Law)?

It penalizes gender-based sexual harassment in public areas, streets, workplaces, schools, and online spaces (cyber harassment).

What provisions are mandated under R.A. 10931 (Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act)?

It provides free tuition and miscellaneous fees for eligible Filipino undergraduate students in SUCs, LUCs, and state-run TVIs, and establishes the Tertiary Education Subsidy (TES) for underprivileged students.

What is "red-tagging" in the context of human rights in the Philippines?

The practice of public officials and military actors branding critics, human rights defenders, lawyers, and journalists as communist rebels, resulting in harassment, unlawful arrests, or violence.

How is self-awareness defined?

The ability to understand your thoughts, feelings, values, behavior, strengths, weaknesses, and motivations—understanding not only what you do, but also why you do it.

Who created the Johari Window in 1955, and what are its four quadrants?

Developed by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham; its four quadrants are Open Self (known to self and others), Blind Self (known to others, unknown to self), Hidden Self (known to self, unknown to others), and Unknown Self (unknown to both self and others).

How did Roy Baumeister (1999) define self-concept?

An individual's belief about himself or herself, which encompasses how a person sees, evaluates, and understands themselves.

What are Sigmund Freud's three structural components of personality?

The Id (instinctive part seeking immediate satisfaction and pleasure), the Ego (realistic part that makes decisions and balances desires with reality), and the Superego (moral part representing values, rules, and conscience).

What are the three levels of Freud's Iceberg Theory?

Conscious Level (thoughts and perceptions currently aware of), Preconscious Level (memories and knowledge that can easily be recalled), and Unconscious Level (hidden fears, desires, and experiences influencing behavior unaware).

What is the primary psychosocial conflict during adolescence according to Erik Erikson?

Identity vs. Role Confusion, which involves discovering who you are, what you believe in, what role you want to have, and what goals you want to pursue.

According to Carl Rogers, what are the three components of self-concept, and what distinguishes congruence from incongruence?

The components are Self-image (how you see yourself now), Self-esteem (the value you place on yourself), and Ideal self (the person you aspire to become). Congruence means the actual self and ideal self are aligned, whereas incongruence indicates a gap between them.

What are four primary influences on a person's self-esteem?

Reactions of others, comparison with others, social roles, and identification with role models or influential people.

How does Republic Act No. 9418 (Volunteer Act of 2007) define volunteerism?

Helping others through free will, serving without expecting money, salary, or material benefits.

What are the "Three T's of Volunteerism"?

Time (giving time, effort, and presence), Talent (using skills, abilities, strengths, and creativity), and Treasure (giving goods, money, supplies, or other resources).

What is servant leadership and what is its core focus?

A leadership style focused on serving others before oneself, prioritizing the group's welfare, sharing power, and focusing less on power and more on helping others grow and succeed.

What are the core principles of servant leadership?

Listening, Empathy, Healing, Awareness, Persuasion, Conceptualization, Foresight, and Building Community.

Which of Stephen Covey's Seven Habits comprise "Independence or Self-Mastery"?

Habit 1: Be Proactive (taking initiative and responsibility), Habit 2: Begin with the End in Mind (identifying values and goals before taking action), and Habit 3: Put First Things First (planning and prioritizing tasks by importance rather than urgency).

Which of Stephen Covey's Seven Habits comprise "Interdependence" and "Self-Renewal"?

Interdependence includes Habit 4: Think Win-Win, Habit 5: Seek First to Understand, Then to Be Understood, and Habit 6: Synergize. Self-Renewal consists of Habit 7: Sharpen the Saw (renewing energy, health, knowledge, and overall well-being).