FLIGHT AND AIRPORT OPERATIONS

List the appropriate altitudes to complete all flight maneuver

No lower than 1,500ft AGL for upper air manuvers, for ground Ref: 600-1,000ft AGL (standard rec is 800-900ft AGL) Emergency and spin: no lower then 3,000ft AGL

what are High-Altitude Air work (Upper-Air Maneuvers)? and what altitude?

Maneuvering During Slow Flight

Power-Off Stalls

Power-On Stalls

Steep Turns

No lower then 1,500ft AGL

What are Ground Reference Maneuvers (Low-Altitude Maneuvers)? and what altitude?

Rectangular Course

S-Turns Across a Road

Turns Around a Point

600-1,000ft AGL

What are Emergency and Spin Maneuvers and what altitude?

Emergency descents

Spins

No lower than 3,000ft AGL

List the legs of the traffic pattern

Departure leg, Crosswind, downwind, base leg, final approach

What does this sign mean

Location sign, identifies specific taxiway or runway you are on

What does this sign mean?

Mandatory Instruction sign, Indicate a mandatory stop before entering the area, must have ATC clearence to pass at towered airports

What does this sign mean?

Direction sign, These identify the directions of intersecting taxiways leading out of your current intersection

What does this sign indicate?

Destination Signs, pointing the way toward specific airport regions like TERM (Terminal) RAMP or specific runway ends

what does this sign indicate?

These display a single large number indicating the remaining runway distance in thousands of feet

What doe all of these markings represent?

Designation Numbers: Numbers corresponding to the magnetic heading of the runway rounded to the nearest 10 degrees

Centerline: A dashed white line providing alignment guidance during takeoff and landing.

Threshold Markings: Parallel vertical bars marking the beginning of the runway layout available for landing.

Aiming Point: Two thick solid white rectangles located 1,000 feet past the threshold to serve as a visual target for landing.

What is this?

Blast Pad / Stopway: Marked by yellow chevrons. This pavement cannot be used for any normal flight operations; it is structurally designed only to catch overrunning aircraft or dissipate jet blast.

What is this?

Displaced Threshold: Marked by solid white arrows pointing toward the runway surface. You cannot land on a displaced threshold, but you may use it for taxiing, takeoffs, and landing rollout tracking.

Taxiway Vs runway colors

Taxi=yellow

Runway=white

What is this?

Taxiway Centerline: A solid yellow line guiding the center track of the aircraft. Prior to approaching a runway entrance

What is this?

Runway Holding Position: You must stop on the solid side until cleared by ATC to cross onto the dashed side.

What is this?

ILS Critical Area Boundary: Pilots hold here during low-visibility precision approaches to ensure they do not block navigation signals.

What doe these lights represent?

Edge lights: White lights framing the runway borders. On instrument runways, the last 2,000 feet of edge lights transition to yellow then to red to warn pilots that the runway end is approaching.

What do the lights represent

Centerline Lights: Embedded white lights down the exact center. In the final 3,000 feet, they alternate red and white, and they turn solid red for the final 1,000 feet of runway.

What do these lights represent?

Threshold & End Lights: light bars crossing the runway tips. Arriving aircraft see them as green, while departing aircraft looking from the opposite direction see them as red

What are these lights?

Runway end identifier lights: Two synchronized, high-intensity white flashing strobe lights placed on either side of the runway approach threshold

What do these lights represent

Edge Lights: blue lights outlining taxiway boundaries

Centerline Lights: green lights guiding pilots down the center path.

What are the lights on the side indicating?

PAPI lights: They utilize color differentiation to guide a safe landing path

Explain how to use the controls to correct for wind during taxi

Headwind turn ailerons towards the wind

Tailwind turn ailerons away form the wind

Explain the information presented on an airport diagram

Airport Identifiers

Frequencies

Magnetic variation

Main runway and taxiway layout

Airport elevation

Ramps

Buildings and Visual Structures

Beacons and Hangers

What does this light gun signal mean?

Cleared for takeoff and landing

What would a flashing green represent?

Cleared to taxi, or return for landing

What does steady red mean?

STOP and give way to other aircraft

Flashing red means what?

Airport Unsafe- do not land

Alternating red and green means?

Extreme caution

How do you avoid wake turbulence when Landing Behind a Large Aircraft

Observe where the large aircraft touches down on the runway. Ensure your approach path stays above their glide path, and touch down past their touchdown point.

Landing Behind a Departing Large Aircraft

Note where the large aircraft rotates and lifts off the runway. Plan your approach to land and touch down well before their rotation point.

Departing Behind a Large Aircraft

Once airborne, climb above their climb path and steer slightly upwind to ensure the crosswind blows the sinking vortices away from your flight path.

Explain the purpose of the mixture control

To adjust the ratio of fuel to air entering the pistons engine's cylinders

Manufacturer recommended aircraft leaning procedure

Lean to 25°F Rich of Peak EGT

NOTAMS are

Notices to air missions: The purpose is to alert pilots of temporary, unexpected, or newly established hazards or operational changes along a route or at a specific location

TFRs are

Temporary flight restrictions: temporary zone of restricted airspace to protect individuals on the ground or in the air, or to provide a safe environment for emergency operations.

List the transponder codes and their purpose

7500: Highjacked

7600: Com failure

7700: engine failure and all other emergencies

1200: regular code

Describe lost communication procedures

Test to make sure volume isn't down, check different frequencies, ect

Transponder set to 7600

observe and fly traffic pattern

Look for light gun signals

Acknowledge signals