OINTMENT AND CREAMS

OINTMENTS

OILY VEHICLES THAT MAY CONTAIN A SURFACTANT TO ALLOW THEM TO BE WASHED OFF EASILY.

• EMOLLIENTS FOR DRUG

• DELIVERY

• PROTECTIVE

• BARRIERS VEHICLES

OINTMENTS

• USED AS

Mixing by Fusion

Methods of Preparation

• USE HEAT

• EVAPORATING BASIN ON A WATER BATH. (60 TO 70OC IS APPROPRIATE)

• OFTEN PREFFERED FOR OINTMNT: WAXY, SOLID BASES

COOLING

IF LESS STABLE/INSOLUBLE BUT EASY TO DISPERSE: ADD DURING

TRITURATION

IF UNSTABLE OR DIFFICULT TO DISPERSE: ADD WHEN COLD USING MIXING BY

10%

IN ORDER TO BE ABLE TO PACK THE PRESCRIBED AMOUNT, IT IS NECESSARY TO MAKE AN EXCESS OF ABOUT

Mixing by Trituration

Methods of Preparation

OLEAGINOUS BASES

HYDROCARBON BASES OR

EMULSION OINTMENT BASES

WATER REMOVABLE BASES OR

HYDROCARBON BASES

Ointments Bases:

• ANHYDROUS AND INSOLUBLE IN WATER.

• THEY CANNOT ABSORB OR CONTAIN WATER AND ARE NOT WASHABLE IN WATER

PETROLATUM:

Ointment Bases: HYDROCARBON

• BASESIT FORMS AN OCCLUSIVE FILM ON THE SKIN, ABSORBS LESS THAN 5% WATER UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS, AND DOES NOT BECOME RANCID. WAX CAN BE INCORPORATED TO STIFFEN THE BASE.

  • USES—A BASE FOR OINTMENTS.

  • T IS HIGHLY OCCLUSIVE AND THEREFORE A GOOD EMOLLIENT, BUT IT MAY NOT RELEASE SOME DRUGS READILY.

YELLOW SOFT PARAFFIN; AMBER PETROLATUM; YELLOW PETROLATUM;

PETROLATUM

• AKA

WHITE PETROLATUM

Ointment Bases: HYDROCARBON

• FREEDOM FROM COLOR.

• IT IS EMPLOYED AS A PROTECTIVE, AS A BASE FOR OINTMENTS AND CERATES, AND TO FORM THE BASIS FOR BURN DRESSINGS

WHITE PETROLEUM JELLY; WHITE SOFT PARAFFIN

WHITE PETROLATUM • OTHER NAMES:

ABSORPTION BASES

Ointments Bases:

• ANHYDROUS AND WATER-INSOLUBLE. THEREFORE, THEY ARE NOT WASHABLE IN WATER, ALTHOUGH THEY CAN ABSORB WATER.

• THESE BASES PERMIT WATER-SOLUBLE MEDICATIONS TO BE INCLUDED THROUGH PRIOR SOLUTION AND UPTAKE AS THE INTERNAL PHASE.

• HYDROPHILIC PETROLATUM

Ointments Bases: ABSORPTION BASES

• IS A WHITE PETROLATUM COMBINED WITH 8% WHITE BEESWAX, 3% STEARYL ALCOHOL, AND 3% CHOLESTEROL.

• THESE COMPONENTS ARE ADDED TO A W/O EMULSIFIER.

• AQUAPHOR

Ointments Bases: ABSORPTION BASES

• WHICH USES WOOL ALCOHOL TO RENDER WHITE PETROLATUM EMULSIFIABLE.

• IS SUPERIOR IN ITS ABILITY TO ABSORB WATER

• WOOL FAT,

• 0.25%

Ointments Bases: ABSORPTION BASES

• (NMT — WATER)

• CONTAINS HIGH PERCENTAGE OF CHOLESTEROL AS WELL AS ESTERS AND ALCOHOL THAT CONTAIN FATTY ACIDS

• IT ABSORBS TWICE ITS WEIGHT IN WATER

  • MELTS BETWEEN 36c AND 42c

ANHYDROUS LANOLIN

WOOL FAT, USP • AKA

SYNTHETIC ESTERS

ARE USED AS CONSTITUENTS OF OLEAGINOUS BASES.

LANOLIN DERIVATIVES

ARE OFTEN USED IN TOPICAL AND COSMETIC PREPARATIONS.

• EXAMPLES: LANOLIN OIL AND HYDROGENATED LANOLIN

• W/O

IS WATER-INSOLUBLE AND ARE NOT WASHABLE IN WATER -THESE EMULSIONS CAN ABSORB WATER BECAUSE OF THEIR AQUEOUS INTERNAL PHASE

O/W

IS WATER-INSOLUBLE BUT WASHABLE IN WATER. THEY CAN ABSORB WATER IN THEIR AQUEOUS EXTERNAL PHASE.

HYDROUS WOOL FAT (LANOLIN)

25%

• 25-30% WATER

Ointments Bases: EMULSION BASES

IS A W/O EMULSION THAT CONTAINS APPROXIMATELY —- WATER;

• REMINGTON

• IT ACTS AS AN EMOLLIENT AND OCCLUSIVE FILM INTO THE SKIN, EFFECTIVELY PREVENTING EPIDERMAL LOSS

COLD CREAM

Ointments Bases: EMULSION BASES

• IS A W/O EMULSION PREPARED BY MELTING WHITE WAX, SPERMACETI, AND EXPRESSED ALMOND OIL TOGETHER, ADDING A HOT AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF SODIUM BORATE, AND STIRRING UNTIL MIXTURE IS COOL

• THE USE OF MINERAL OIL RATHER THAN ALMOND OIL MAKES STABLE COLD CREAM. HOWEVER, COLD CREAM PREPARED WITH ALMOND OIL MAKES A BETTER EMOLLIENT BASE. • THIS OINTMENT SHOULD BE FRESHLY PREPARED

HYDROPHILIC OINTMENT

Ointments Bases: EMULSION BASES

• IS AN O/W EMULSION THAT USES SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE AS AN EMULSIFYING AGENT.

• IT ABSORBS APPROXIMATELY 30-50% W/W WITHOUT LOSING ITS CONSISTENCY

VANISHING CREAM

Ointments Bases: EMULSION BASES

• IS AN O/W EMULSION THAT CONTAINS A LARGE PERCENTAGE OF WATER AS WELL AS HUMECTANT EG, GLYCERIN AND PROPYLENE GLYCOL THAT RETAINS MOISTURE. • AN EXCESS OF STEARIC ACID IN THE FORMULA HELPS TO FORM A THIN FILM WHEN THE WATER EVAPORATES.

DERMOVAN,

Ointments Bases: EMULSION BASES

• A HYPOALLERGENIC, GREASELESS EMULSION BASE

WATER-SOLUBLE BASES

Ointments Bases:

• MAY BE ANHYDROUS OR MAY CONTAIN SOME WATER.

• THEY ARE WASHABLE IN WATER AND ABSORB WATER TO THE POINT OF SOLUBILITY

PEG OINTMENT

Ointments Bases: WATER-SOLUBLE BASES

• IS A BLEND OF WATER-SOLUBLE PEGS THAT FORM A SEMI-SOLID BASE. THIS BASE CAN SOLUBILIZE WATER-SOLUBLE DRUGS AND SOME WATER-INSOLUBLE DRUGS.

• IT IS COMPATIBLE WITH A WIDE RANGE OF DRUGS

PROPYLENE GLYCOL AND PROPYLENE GLYCOL-ETHANOL

Ointments Bases: WATER-SOLUBLE BASES

FORM A CLEAR GEL WHEN MIXED WITH 2% HYDROXYPROPYL CELLULOSE.

• THIS BASE IS A POPULAR DERMATOLOGIC VEHICLE

METHYL SALICYLATE

WHITE BEESWAX

HYDROUS WOOLFAT

Methyl Salicylate Ointment

• Manufacturing Order No. 11

  • RAW MATERIALS

Petrolatum Rose Water Ointment

• Manufacturing Order No. 12

  • RAW MATERIALS

CREAMS

• ARE TRADITIONALLY O/W EMULSIONS WHILE OILY CREAMS ARE W/O EMULSIONS.

• THEY USUALLY GIVE COOLING

• LESS GREASY

• FOR DRUG DELIVERY ONTO OR INTO THE SKIN.