Self Made Chapter 3

What is a prokaryote?

An organism whose cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus or organelles.

Characteristics of a prokaryote?

it’s DNA is called a nucleoid, no membrane-bound organelles, 2 prokaryotic domains

What are the 2 prokaryotic domains

Bacteria & Archaea

Cocci- cell shape

is round or spherical

Bacilli- cell shape

is rod shaped

Vibrios cell shape

is curved and comma shaped

Spirochetes cell shape

Spiral or corkscrew- shaped

Coccobacilli cell shape

short or round

Stella

star shaped cells

Cell shape tells you

how the cells look

The arrangement tells you

how cells group together

Diplo- group means

Pairs

Strepto - group means

Chains

Straphylo- group means

grape like clusters

Palisades - group means

rods arranged side by side or at angle

How does bacteria reproduce

Binary Fusion

Plasma Membrane is

a thin flexible barrier that surrounds the cell & it controls what enters and leaves the cell

What is the plasma membrane made of ?

phospholipid bilayer

Structure of Membrane

Hydrophilic head, Hydrophobic tail, & Membrane proteins

Membrane Proteins

help transport and anchor the structure

Membrane Fluidity shows

the membrane needs to remain flexible enough to function.

What do unsaturated fatty acids do for the membrane?

help keep the membrane more fluid in the cold

What do saturated fatty acids do for the membrane ?

pack tightly together, making the membrane more rigid in the cold.

Characteristics of bacteria

Linear, Ester chemical link, Bilayer membrane structure

Characteristics of Archaea

Branched, Ether chemical link , Usually bilayer & some form monolayers

The Cell Wall

provides support & help maintain shape which protects the cell from bursting when water ends.

Bacteria cell walls contain

peptidogycan

Archea contains

pseudopeptidoglycan