Respiratory_system

Respiration

The exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood, and cells.

Pulmonary Ventilation

Breathing, involving the processes of inspiration and expiration.

External Respiration

Gas exchange between the lungs (alveoli) and blood.

Internal Respiration

Gas exchange between blood and tissue cells.

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

Hemoglobin

An iron-containing protein in red blood cells that binds oxygen.

Hypoxia

A deficiency of oxygen in the tissues.

Anemic Hypoxia

Low oxygen due to low numbers of red blood cells.

Compliance

The ease with which the lungs and chest wall expand.

Carbonic Anhydrase

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of carbon dioxide and water to bicarbonate and protons.

Pleura

The serous membranes that envelop the lungs.

Voice Production

The process of sound production by the larynx using vocal folds.

Trachea

The windpipe, a tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi.

Bronchi

The major air passageways from the trachea to the lungs.

Ciliated Epithelium

A type of tissue lining the respiratory tract that helps move mucus and debris.

Laryngitis

An inflammation of the larynx, often resulting in hoarseness or loss of voice.

Surfactant

A substance secreted by Type II alveolar cells to reduce surface tension in the alveoli.

Emphysema

A respiratory disorder characterized by the destruction of alveoli and loss of elastic recoil.

Chronic Bronchitis

A condition of chronic inflammation of the airways causing mucus overproduction.

Pneumothorax

A condition where air enters the pleural space, leading to lung collapse.