UMHB A&P II Practical 2

Atrioventricular valves closing (tricuspid and bicuspid)

Aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves open

ventricular filling

Phase of the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles expand, their pressure drops, and the AV valves open and blood flows into the ventricles

Aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves close

isovolumetric contraction phase

-ventricular systole begins

-AV and semilunar (aortic and pulmonary) valves close when enough pressure builds in the ventricles

-atrial diastole begins

ventricular ejection phase

-ventricular systole continues

-AV valves are still closed

-atrial diastole continues

-pressure opens SL valves, and blood is ejected into the pulmonary artery and aorta

Isometric Relaxation Phase

final phase of the cardiac cycle. occurs as ventricular diastole begins and pressure declines in the ventricles. This causes the SL valves ot snap shut., at which point the S2 heart sound is heard. However, pressure in ventricles is still slightly higher then that of atria, so the AV valve remains closed.

superficial temporal artery

facial artery

brachial artery

Blood pressure assessed here using traditional sphygmomanometer

Radial artery

Femoral artery

popliteal artery

Identify the yellow vessel

posterior tibial artery

dorsalis pedis artery

Blood pressure assessed here using traditional using sphygmomanometer

P wave

Q wave

Identify the orange line

R wave

S wave

T wave

QRS Complex

ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization

Q-T interval

R-R interval

P-R segment

S-T segment

T-P segment

P-R interval

from start of atrial depolarization to start of QRS complex

Ventricular diastole

Ventricular systole

Normal Sinus Rhythm

Sinus tachycardia

Premature Atrial Contraction

Sinus Bradycardia

Atrial Flutter

atrial fibrillation

First degree heart block

second degree heart block

No QRS complex

Junctional (Nodal) Rhythm

auditory tube (pharyngotympanic opening)

External nares

Internal nares

nasopharynx

oropharynx

laryngopharynx

Palatine tonsil

lingual tonsil

pharygneal tonsil

Hard palate

Soft palate

nasal vestibule

nasal conchae (superior, middle, inferior)

uvula

upper respiratory system

lower repiratory system

Trachea

Larynx

Epiglottis

laryngeal prominence

Thyroid cartilage

cricoid cartilage

tracheal cartilage

vestibular folds (false vocal cords)

vocal folds (true vocal cords)

arytenoid cartilage

vocal ligament

vestibular ligament

Epiglottis

glottis

Opening between vocal cords

right superior lobe of lung

right middle lobe of lung

right inferior lobe of lung

Left superior lobe of lung

Left inferior lobe of lung

oblique fissure

horizontal fissure of right lung

Diaphragm

Alveoli

tertiary bronchioles

pulmonary ventilation

(breathing) movement of air into and out of lungs

External respiratory

exchange of gases between lungs and blood

Internal respiratory

exchange of gases between blood and tissues

Tidal Volume

Amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs during a normal breath

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

volume of additional air that can be forcibly inhaled after a normal inhalation

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

the volume of additional air that can be forcibly exhaled after a normal exhalation

Vital Capacity (VC)

Maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation

Residual Volume (RV)

the amount of air that cannot be forcefully exhaled from the lungs

Minimal Volume (MV)

amount of residual air that stays in the lungs even if they are collapsed

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

- vital capacity (VC) + residual volume (RV)

- about 6,000 ml

Respiratory Rate (RR)

number of breaths taken per minute

Minute Volume (MV)

- amount of air exchanged between lungs and environment in one minute

- RR x TV