Chapter 4 part 3: Muscle and Nervous tissue

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.

What are the general functions of muscle tissue?

Movement, maintaining posture, and producing heat.

Describe skeletal muscle tissue.

Long cylindrical, striated fibers with multiple peripheral nuclei. Voluntary control.

Describe cardiac muscle tissue.

Branched, striated cells with central nuclei and intercalated discs. Involuntary control.

Describe smooth muscle tissue.

Spindle-shaped cells, single central nuclei, no striations. Involuntary control.

What are intercalated discs, and where are they found?

Specialized junctions connecting cardiac muscle cells and coordinating contraction.

Which muscle type is found in the walls of hollow organs?

Smooth muscle.

What is the difference between neurons and neuroglia?

Neurons transmit electrical impulses; neuroglia support, protect, and insulate neurons.

What structures make up the CNS versus the PNS?

CNS = brain and spinal cord; PNS = nerves and ganglia outside the CNS.

What do dendrites do?

Receive incoming signals.

What does the axon do?

Carries electrical impulses away from the cell body.

What is the axon hillock?

Region where nerve impulses are typically initiated.

What is myelin's function?

Insulates the axon and increases impulse conduction speed.

What are nodes of Ranvier?

Gaps between myelin segments that support rapid impulse conduction.

What are the four CNS neuroglial cells and their functions?

Astrocytes = support/BBB; ependymal = CSF spaces; oligodendrocytes = myelin; microglia = immune defense.

What are the two PNS neuroglial cells and their functions?

Satellite cells surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia; Schwann cells form PNS myelin.

what muscle tissue is this?

Skeletal muscle. Striated parallel fibers with multiple peripheral nuclei.

what muscle tissue is this?

Cardiac muscle. Striated branching fibers, central nuclei, and intercalated discs.

what muscle tissue is this?

Smooth muscle. No striations; elongated, spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei.

what is this image of?

Neuron. Large cell body with a prominent nucleus and branching processes.