Electron Transport and Fermentation (November 13th)

ATP can be synthesized in 2 ways:

Substrate-level Phosphorylation

Chemiosmosis

Substrate-level Phosphorylation

An enzyme takes in a substrate, combines it with a phosphate group to react with ADP. The finished product and ATP are released

Chemiosmosis

The working on the mitochondrial inner membrane to produce ATP through ATP synthase

Glucose goes through

the different metabolic pathways to produce ATP

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Oxidative Phosphorylation

ATP formation associated with the flow of electrons through the respiratory/ electron transport chain

Electron Transport Chain (ETC):

Series of protein complexes and carriers in mitochondrial inner membrane that pass electrons from NADH and FADH2 to Oxygen. Using that energy to pump in Protons (H⁺)

In the ETC….

Water is the end product

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor

NADH/FADH2 feeds into the ETC, and…

2.5 ATP are produced

What happens in the absence of Oxygen?

Fermentation

Fermentation…

happens in the cytoplasm. It regenerates NAD+ to keep glycolysis going