Primary Types of Tissue

epithelial tissue functions

• protection

• filtration

• absorption

• excretion

epithelial characteristics

• fit close together

• free edge: apical surface

• basement membrane

• no blood supply of their own

• regulate easily

epithelial simple

one layer of cells

epithelial stratified

more than one layer

epithelial squamous

several layers of squamous

• simple: one layer of squamous cells used for diffusion and serous membrane

• stratified: several layers found where there is lots of abuse to the epithelial tissue

epithelial cubical

• simple: common in glands as well in kidney tubules and ovary surface

• stratified: only 2 cells thick used for protection in glands and ducks

epithelial columnar

• simple: single layer of tall cells. goblet cells are often found

• stratified: layered cells where the top is columnar

• pseudostratifed: single layer, nuclei don’t line up. used of secretion and absorption

epithelial transitional

modified stratified squamous. built for stretching / expanding

connective functions

• protection

• support

• bind other tissue together

connective characteristics - blood supply

• bone has good supply

• tendons and ligaments have poor blood supply

• cartilage has none

connective characteristics - extracellular matrix

• non-living structure surrounding cells

• produced by connective tissue cells

• ground substance: water + adhesive + polysaccharides protein

• polysaccharides affect consistency of ground substance

• fibers-can be collagen, elastic

  or reticular

  -made by cells and secreted into

  ground substance

connective bone

• bone cells sit in lacunae (cavities)

• matrix: calcium salts / collegen fibers

connective cartilage

• hyaline: most abundant, glassy smooth appearance, found in - layrx, rib cage, ends of long bones

• fibrocartalige: forms the discs between vertebrae, visible collagen fibers

connective elastic

external ear

dense connective tissue

collagen fibers with fibroblasts between tendons, ligaments

loose connective

• areolar: most widely distributed, universal packing tissue and connective tissue

• adipose: full of oil that compresses nucleus to one side

• reticular: reticular cells with interwoven fibers, supports blood cells in speen

• blood: blood cells and fluid matrix (plasma), fibers appear during clotting

Muscle tissue function

movement

skeletal muscle ** not always connected to the bone **

• controlled voluntarily

• cells contract in one direction

• connected to bone through tendons

• some connected directly to skin or other muscles

• cells are long, cylindrical, multinucleated

• striated (stripes)

cardiac muscle

• involuntary

• uninucleated

• branching

• striated

• fit together at interculated discs

smooth muscle

• no striations

• single nucleous

• found in the walls of stomach, uterus, blood vessels, other hallow organs

nervous tissue function

receive and conduct electrochemical impulses from one part of the body to another

nervous tissue characteristics

• made of neurons and supporting cells

• neurons have cytoplasm extension which allow for transmitting signals

• supporting cells insulate and protect neurons