GD and WWII

Herbert Hoover

Assumed the presidency in March 1929 promising the American people prosperity and attempted to first deal with the Depression by trying to restore public faith in the community.

Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR)

U.S. President serving from 1933-1945. Known for his New Deal to try to fix the Great Depression and leading the US during World War II. Only President to serve more than 2 terms.

Harry Truman

Became president when FDR died; gave the order to drop the atomic bomb

Joseph Stalin

Communist dictator of the Soviet Union

Winston Churchill

Prime Minister of Great Britain during WWII

Adolf Hitler

German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945)

Benito Mussolini

Fascist Dictator of Italy that at first used bullying to gain power, then never had full power.

Emperor Hirohito

emperor of Japan during WWII. his people viewed him as a god

John Steinbeck

wrote Grapes of Wrath

Hideki Tojo

Prime minister of Japan during World War II

Rosie the Riveter

A propaganda character designed to increase production of female workers in the factories. It became a rallying symbol for women to do their part.

General Dwight D. Eisenhower

led the Allied invasion of North African and planned and executed the D-Day invasion at Normandy and the Battle of the Bulge

Admiral Nimitz

United States admiral of the Pacific fleet during World War II who used aircraft carriers to destroy the Japanese navy (1885-1966)

Bank runs

People were running to banks to take their money out before the bank collapsed

Black Tuesday

October 29, 1929; date of the worst stock-market crash in American history and beginning of the Great Depression.

Okies

Displaced farm families from the Oklahoma dust bowl who migrated to California during the 1930s in search of jobs.

migrant

moving from place to place

Hoovervilles

Depression shantytowns, named after the president whom many blamed for their financial distress

Urban impact of great depression

severely disrupted American cities, driving national unemployment up to 25% by 1932 and leaving millions of urban workers destitute, homeless, and dependent on private charity or emergency federal relief

Rural impact of great depression

severe economic collapse, driven by crashing crop prices, heavy farm debt, and the devastating Dust Bowl drought

1932 election

Roosevelt won because people blamed Hoover for Great Depression. Roosevelt compared the average worker to the 'Forgotten man' Hoover gave warnings of what he thought would happen if Roosevelt won.

Three R's

Relief, Recovery, Reform

Rugged Individualism

Herbert Hoover's belief that people must be self-reliant and not depend upon the federal government for assistance.

CCC

New deal

WPA

New Deal

Trickle Down Economics

Hoover's strategy battling the Great Depression in which the money is given to the big corporations and eventually they will pay their workers more, and then the workers will spend their money and save the economy.

Keynesian economics

Economic theory based on the principles of John Maynard Keynes stating that government spending should increase during business slumps and be curbed during booms.

Treaty Versailles

Treaty that ended WW I. It blamed Germany for WW I and handed down harsh punishment.

Fascism

A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition

scapegoat

a person or group that bears the blame for another

night of the long knives

The night hitler kills all his political opponents

munich agreement

Agreement between Germany and Great Britain in which Hitler is given the Sudetenland in return for agreeing not to take any more territory.

atlantic charter

British and American statement of goals for fighting World War II

Isolationism

A policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations

Neutrality Acts

Originally designed to avoid American involvement in World War II by preventing loans to those countries taking part in the conflict; they were later modified in 1939 to allow aid to Great Britain and other Allied nations.

cash and carry

Britain and France could buy goods from the United States if they paid in full and transported them.

Lend-Lease Act

allowed sales or loans of war materials to any country whose defense the president deems vital to the defense of the U.S

Axis Powers

Germany, Italy, Japan

Allied Powers

Great Britain, France, Russia

Lebensraum

Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people

Blitzkrieg

"Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland in 1939

Tuskegee Airmen

African American squadron that escorted bombers in the air war over Europe during World War II

Double V Campaign

The World War II-era effort of black Americans to gain "a Victory over racism at home as well as Victory abroad."

Japanese Internment

U.S forced Japanese Americans on the east coast to live in internment camps

Home front

The name given to the part of war that was not actively involved in the fighting but which was vital to it.

B-17/B-29 Bombers

American four-engine heavy bombers used primarily during World War II

Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

A imperialistic system founded by Japan consisting of other Asian countries during the early 20th century. Japan reduced its members to puppet nations, taking their raw materials and using them as new markets.

Final Solution

Hitler's program of systematically killing the entire Jewish people

Fat Man and Little Boy

names of the two atomic bombs dropped on Japan

USS Arizona

American battle ship sunk at Pearl Harbor; over 1000 crew members died; floating memorial

Island Hopping

A military strategy used during World War II that involved selectively attacking specific enemy-held islands and bypassing others

kamikaze

Japanese suicide pilots

Manhattan Project

A secret U.S. project for the construction of the atomic bomb.

Great depression

the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s

stock market crash

Another leading component to the start of the Great Depression. The stock became very popular in the 1920's, then in 1929 in took a steep downturn and many lost their money and hope they had put in to the stock.

dust bowl

A drought in the 1930s that turned the Great Planes very dry.

Pearl Harbor

United States military base on Hawaii that was bombed by Japan, bringing the United States into World War II. Pearl Harbor was attacked on December 7, 1941.

Allied bombing campaign

Great Britain and the United States implemented the bombing campaign throughout Germany as a way to lower moral and end the war.

operation barbossa

was the codename for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II that commenced on June 22, 1941. the largest military operation in WWII.

D-Day

Allied invasion of France on June 6, 1944

battle of iwo jima

lasted 6 weeks, several thousand marines, and more than 20,000 Japanese soldiers were killed, this battle is also notable for the famous photograph of US marines lifting the American flag to a standpoint

battle of midway

U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II.

Fall of Berlin

In April 1945, surrounded by Allies to southwest & Soviet Red Army to the east, Hitler committed suicide with wife Eva Braun & the Third Reich surrendered

V-E day

May 8, 1945; victory in Europe Day when the Germans surrendered

V-J day

"Victory over Japan day" is the celebration of the Surrender of Japan, which was initially announced on August 15, 1945

October 29th, 1929

Black Tuesday

September 1st, 1939

Germany invades Poland

December 7th 1941

Pearl Harbor

June 4th, 1942

Battle of Midway

June 6th, 1944

D-Day

August 6th, 1945

Bombing of Hiroshima

August 9th, 1945

Bombing of Nagasaki

"December 7th, 1941. A date which will live in infamy"

FDR

"I have become Death. The destroyer of Worlds."

J. Robert Oppenheimer

Stalingrad

Soviet city where the German army was forced to surrender after a battle that lasted for months

Leningrad

As siege was put on by Germany to try to make the Russians surrender

non agression pact

Hitler will not invade stalin and stalin will not stop him