ELAC BIO003 Lab Quiz 1

What are the steps of the Scientific Method?

1. Observation 2. Question 3. Hypothesis 4. Experiment 5. Results 6. Conclusion/Analysis

what is a controlled experiment?

a test that is ran multiple times with 1 variable changing

what is an independent variable?

the change in an experiment. being manipulated as a potential cause

what is a dependent variable?

the results of an experiment. response, output or effect under investigation.

what is the importance of a blind experiment?

it removes the bias and emotions

what is a single blind experiment?

when the researcher is aware but the participant is unaware

what is a double blind experiment?

when both the researcher and participant are unaware

what is a hypothesis?

a proposed explanation to a question that can be investigated

what is a theory?

a much broader explanation, well substantiated and comprehensive

what is a controlled variable?

any variable that is the same for all experimental groups during the experiment.

what are controlled variable used for?

to ensure that any observed effects on the dependent variable are solely due to the independent variable

what was the purpose of the laboratory?

to test which reflex has the shortest distance in a ruler

what is the predication statement for the reflex lab (lab 1)?

If I test the senses then the fastest reflex is touch because of the trigger of reaction.

what are the dependent variables of the reflex lab?

the distance/length caught on ruler

what are the independent variables of the reflex lab?

sight, sound, & touch or senses

what is the purpose of a microscope?

for its magnification, resolving power, and contrast

How do you set up a microscope?

1. walk to the cabinet, right hand goes on the arm of the microscope, and the left hand goes on the base.

2. walk to desk, take stage and lower it & put it to the smallest lens (prevents collison)

3. plug in and turn it on

ocular lens

the lens the viewer looks through to see the specimen, the eyepiece usually contains a 10x or 15x power lens

arm

serves as a handle

nose piece

revolves and holds the objectives

objective lens

lower lens attached to the nosepiece

low power/ scanning objective

used for viewing larger specimens or searching for a specimen, the shortest objective usually magnifies an object 4x or 5x

medium power objective

used for coarse and preliminary focusing, magnifies an objective 10x

higher power objective

used for final and fine focusing, magnifies an objective approx 40x

stage

platform on which slides are placed

illumination

serves as a form of illumination for the microscope

coarse adjustment

used to adjust the microscope on scanning and low power only

fine adjustment

used to adjust the specimen into final focus

base

the supportive portion of the microscope which rests on the laboratory table

what happens to the amount of light in the field of view when switching from low to high power?

the amount of light decreases (so the field of view gets darker)

what happens to the field of view when switching from low to high power?

the field of view decreases (so you see less of the slide)

which structure can only be used to focus the specimen under high power?

the fine adjustment, because using the coarse adjustment under high power can break the objective lens or the slide

true or false: all ocular magnification is 10x?

true, all ocular magnification is 10x

what is the low objective magnification?

4x

what is the medium objective magnification?

10x

what is the high objective magnification?

40x

what is the total magnification of the low objective?

10x * 4x= 40x

what is the total magnification of the medium objective?

10x * 10x = 100x

what is the total magnification of the highest objective?

10x * 40x = 400x

what are the steps to make a wet mount?

1. grab 1 microscope slide, get a cover glass

2. grab a pipette, grab sample, put 1 drop onto slider

   1. put cover slide at 45 degree angle and drop cover slide

what are 3 types of general shaped bacterial cells?

cocci (circular), bacilli (rod), and spirillae (spiral)

what shape is a cocci bacteria shape?

circular shaped

what is shape is a bacilli bacteria?

rod shaped

what shape is spirillae bacteria cell?

spiral shaped

How many types of cells are there?

there are 2 cells; prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell

What kind of cell is this?
- simpler and smaller

• bacteria and archea

prokaryotic cell

What kind of cell is this?

• large and complex

  • plants, animals, protist, and fungi have it

eukaryotic cell

What do eukaryotic cells have that prokaryotics don’t?

cell organelles

What are the 3 things that eukaryotics cells share?

plasma membrane, nucleus, mitochondria

Do animal cells or plants cells have lysosomes?

only animal cells

what do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?

chloroplasts, cell walls, and central vacuoles

what is the ‘black box’ of the cell?

the nucleus

Can DNA leave the nucleus?

No, only RNA can leave.

what does the rough er transport?

the rough er transports proteins

what does the smooth er transport?

the smooth er transports fats and detoxifies drugs

WHat does a lysosome do in a cell?

when it sees a protein without a vesicle, it gets rid of it.

What is the purpose of the golgi apparatus?

it packages and sends out proteins

what are the steps for making a wet mount for lab 3 (cheek swab)?

1. swab inside of cheeks for couple of seconds

2. 1-2 drops of DI water

3. put a cover slide on top

4. add meth blue to add coloring

cell membrane structure

the cell membrane has a transport chain that is selectively permeable

what does it mean that the transport chain in selectiveky permeable?

it means that some substances can pass through the cell membrane and some cannot

How many types of cell transport is there?

There is 2, passive transport and active transport.

Passive transport

doesn’t need energy, going from high to low

Active transport

requires energy (ATP), going from low to high

true or false: during passive transport it’s much easier for diffusion to occur

true simple diffusion to transport molecules

What are the 2 things ot remember about salt?

1. salt SUCKSSS

   1. tonicity- amount of salt outside the cell

Hypertonic

water transfer OUTSIDE the cell because that is where most salt (solute) is at.

How does a cell look when it’s in hypertonic?

the cell will shrivel

Isotonic

there is a dynamic equilibrium between water and salt

How does a cell look when its isotonic?

it looks the same. Animals prefer this

Hypotonic

water transfers INSIDE the cell because most of the salt (solute) is inside the cell

How does the cell look when its hypotonic?

the cell is very swollen, can burst. Plants prefer this

What is the hypothesis for the diffusion and molecular weight experiment?

if KMNO4 is much lighter, then it’ll have a higher rate of diffusion comparing to methylene blue.

what is the independent variable for lab 4 (diffusion/osomosis)

KMnO4 and methylene blue

what is the dependent variable for lab 4 (diffusion/osomosis)?

time, rate of diffusion

Which is the lighter and heavier solution? (KMnO4 and Methylene Blue)

KMnO4 is lighter than Meth Blue