Unit 2: Levels of Organization, Body Systems, and Feedback Loops

organ system

a group of organs that work together to perform a common function

tissue

a group of cells that work together to perform a common function

Which is a group of tissues that work together to carry out a common function?

cell

organ

organelle

organ system

organ

What is the function of the respiratory system?

To take in oxygen from the environment and release carbon dioxide (both through the lungs)

Which is an organ of the endocrine system?

1. heart

2. circulatory system

3. pancreas

4. muscle tissue

pancreas

Which shows three human body parts in order from the simplest level of organization to the most complex?

red blood cell → nervous system → bone tissue

nervous system → bone tissue → red blood cell

neuron-> nervous tissue->brain

bone tissue → red blood cell → nervous system

neuron-->nervous tissue-->brain

A _______ is a group of cells that have the same function.

tissue

Which level of organization is pictured (consider the whole picture)?

1 cell

2 tissue

3 organ

4 organ system

tissue

organism

Any living thing

molecule

A group of atoms bonded together

atom

CHONPS are the most common version of this

glucose

blood sugar/energy for cells. Comes from food. Smallest carbohydrate molecule.

islets of langerhans

Cells of the pancreas (endocrine system

neurons

Cells of the nervous system

nervous system’s function

sends electrical impulses from the brain to the body and the body to the brain

Epithelial Tissue

A bunch of epithelial lung cells together doing the same job

protein

Most common macromolecule. Thousands of cellular functions. Made of amino acids. Speeds up chemical reactions.

carbohydrates

Macromolecule that provides immediate energy. Made up of C, H, O. Ex: Glucose. First energy source.

lipids

Macromolecule that stores long term energy. Ex: fats, oils, wax. Second energy source.

nucleic acid

macromolecule that transfers genetic information. Made up of nucleotides. Only examples are RNA and DNA.

nucleotide

individual part of nucleic acids

amino acid

individual part of proteins

enzymes

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions

digestive system

body system the breaks down food and absorbs nutrients

circulatory system

allows blood to move through the body carrying oxygen and food includes heart, blood, and blood vessels

skeletal muscle cell

Cellular level of the muscular system

stomach

What is the digestive system organ that is first place food is stored and is lined with smooth muscle tissue?

negative feedback

a type of feedback that reverses a change so it returns to normal. Maintains homeostasis.

homeostasis

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment ex: body temp, heart rate, water levels and blood sugar

positive feedback

Feedback that tends to magnify a process or increase its output. ex: childbirth, root growth towards water, fruit ripening

insulin

hormone that is released by the pancreas when blood sugar goes up. This hormone allows the liver and muscle cells to absorb glucose out of the blood lowering it back to normal.

glucagon

hormone released by the pancreas when blood sugar is low. Tells the liver to release glucose back into the blood, raising it back to normal.

stomata

small openings on leaves that open to do gas exchange when the cells have plenty of water but close when it is hot and dry. This is negative feedback.

ADH

a hormone that controls water loss (urine) in mammals. If you drink a lot, your ADH is low and you make a lot of urine. If if you don't drink much, your ADH is high, and you don't release much urine.

Circulatory and Digestive Systems

which two body systems have organs that are often lined with smooth muscle?

endocrine system

body system that controls your whole body by making and releasing hormones. example organ is the pancreas.