ANTH

Age of High Mass Consumption

A stage in economic development characterized by high levels of consumption and consumerism.

Arusha Declaration

A 1967 statement of policies in Tanzania promoting socialism and self-reliance.

Bandung Conference

A 1955 conference promoting Afro-Asian economic and cultural cooperation and opposing colonialism.

Basic needs

The essential resources and services required for human survival and well-being.

Core and Periphery

A model describing the relationships between developed (core) and developing (periphery) nations.

Colonial Protectionism

Policies aimed at protecting a colony's economy from foreign competition.

Colonization

The process of establishing control over a territory and its people.

Continuity

The state of remaining consistent or stable over time.

Cumulativeness

The idea that development builds on previous achievements or advancements.

Dependency School

A framework studying the relationships between developed and developing countries, focusing on dependency.

Dependent Development

Economic development that occurs in a country primarily due to external factors.

Development, metrics and evaluation

The process of assessing progress in development using various quantitative and qualitative metrics.

Directionality

The concept that development processes can have specific directions and outcomes.

Do-Gooder

A person who is excessively concerned with doing good or helping others, often in a self-righteous manner.

Evolutionism

The belief that societies develop following a universal path of progression.

Exploitation

The act of using someone or something unfairly for one's own advantage.

Four features of ‘development’ (Rist)

Criteria identified by Rist that characterize the concept of development.

Globalization

The process of increased interconnectedness among countries, particularly in the economic, political, and cultural spheres.

Gross Domestic Product

A monetary measure that represents the market value of all final goods and services produced in a country.

Growth

An increase in economic activity, typically measured by GDP.

Growth/decay

The dual processes of economic expansion or contraction in a society.

Industry

The production of goods or services within an economy.

Interdependence

The mutual reliance between countries, economies, or groups for resources or mutual benefit.

International Community

A global community composed of nations, organizations, and individuals working together.

Legibility (Scott)

The concept that society is made more understandable and manageable through simplified representations.

Life and debt (documentary)

A documentary exploring the impact of international debts on the lives of people in developing nations.

Mainstream Economics

Economic theories and models widely accepted and practiced in economic analysis.

“Modern Religion” (development as)

The view that development has become a dominant ideology or belief system in contemporary society.

Modernization (Scott)

The process by which societies transform from traditional to modern economic, social, and political structures.

Moral Economics

A framework for understanding economic behavior based on principles of ethics and social justice.

Nature (Scott)

A discussion on how nature is perceived and utilized in the context of development.

North–South: A Programme for Survival

A manifesto addressing global economic disparities between the northern and southern hemispheres.

Poverty trap

A self-perpetuating condition where individuals or populations are unable to escape poverty.

Random Control Trial (RCT)

A study that randomly assigns participants to a treatment or control group to measure the effect of interventions.

Reproduction of society

The processes through which social structures and relationships are maintained and passed on.

Rostow’s Stages of Economic Growth

A theory proposing that economies progress through five stages of development.

Self-Reliance

The ability of individuals or nations to depend on their own resources and efforts.

State-back simplifications (Scott)

Ideas that state interventions often simplify complex social realities.

Social Evolutionism

The belief that societies evolve in a linear fashion from simple to complex.

Stage of development

A specific phase in a model of economic growth or societal development.

Stockholm Conference

The first United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in 1972.

Structural adjustment programs (SAPs)

Economic policies imposed on developing countries by international financial institutions to improve economic conditions.

Take-off

The stage in Rostow's model where a country experiences rapid economic growth.

The philanthropic case for colonialism

Arguments suggesting that colonialism can lead to betterment for colonized societies.

The South Commission's Definition of Development

A perspective on development emphasizing the needs and contexts of developing nations.

Third Worldism

A political and ideological stance advocating for the interests of countries in the Global South.

Traditional society

A society characterized by agrarian-based economies and resistance to change.

Truman’s point four

A proposal by President Truman advocating for economic development assistance to underdeveloped nations.

Ujaama or African Socialism

A philosophy promoting collective agriculture and communalism in Tanzania, formulated by Julius Nyerere.

Julius Nyerere

The first president of Tanzania and proponent of African socialism, particularly Ujaama.