Psych - Person Perception

Cognitive biases

A systematic error in thinking that occur when people process and interpret information from the world around them

Person perception

The different mental processes used to understand and form impressions of others

Indirect - Hearing about the person through another source e.g students new teacher from another school

Direct - Provided from person we are judging e.g direct conversation

Attitude

an evaluation a person makes about an object, person or issue, It is long lasting. But can change.

Cognitive dissonance

mental discomfort caused by unaligned components of an attitude

Self serving bias

The tendency to attribute ones success with our internal factors but attribute fails to our external factors

Conformation bias

Tendency to search and accept information that supports our prior belief and ignore contradictory information

False-consensus bias

Tendency to overestimate the degree to which other people share the amenities attitudes we do

Halo effect

The tendency for the impression we form about one quality of a person to influence overall beliefs of that person

Social loafing

Reduction in individual effort when working in a group

Conformity

Adjusting ones thoughts, feelings or behaviours to match those of others

Social norms

Societies unofficial rules/expectations about how individuals should behave

Deindividuation

the tendency for individuals to lose their sense of identity within a group e.g making students wear a uniform

Group Shift

When group influence causes an individualo to adapt a more extreme position. e.g a indidual who goes for collingwood may not hate indiduals who go for Carlton when they are alone but in a group they might have a fight.

Group Think

When the desire for group agreement overries individual realistic judgement e.g Groupthink can occur when a group of friends collectively agrees that they dislike a particular person, even though some individuals privately like them.

Aschs Study

Individuals conform even when the answers obvious to agree with the majority. Group size - when its one on one they are less likely to conform but that increase as group size increase up to 4 people, then it remains the same.

Formal Norms

Explicitly outlined rules/regulations within a group e.g school dress code in diary

Informal Norms

Inferred rules, often enforced through social consequences e.g expected etiquette at a dinner party

Ingroup

A group an individual belongs/identifies with

Outgroup

A group an individual does not belong with

Stereotyping

Process of grouping/filtering people into a category based on their characteristics

Prejudice

A negative preconception held against people with a certain group/social status (attitude)

Discrimination

Refers to negative behaviour that’s directed towards a social group and its members (action)

Direct - can be observed when someone’s being treated unfairly, e.g., pregnant woman not getting a job because she's pregnant

Indirect - Practice/rule applied to all people and unfairly disadvantages one group e.g only way into building is stairs

Stigma

Negative Label associated with disapproval or rejection by those not labelled in that way

Self Stigma - Negative attitudes (shame) that people may have on themselves

Social Stigma - Disapproval against an group based on perceived characteristics that differ them from other members of society

Majority group

Social group considered to have the most power in a particular place

Minority group

Social group to have less power compared to majority

Internal Attribution

Something within the person we observe e.g personality

External Attribution

Caused by something outside the person we observe

Attributation

An evaluation made about the causes of behaviour