dr khan quiz 4: fibroids, opiates, drugs, imf

The medical term for a fibroid is:

• leiomyoma, a type of myoma or mesenchymal tumor

— —- are the most common  tumors of the female genital tract

Uterine fibroids

With fibroids, —- grow out of control and form circular masses of tissues called —- or fibroids

Muscles, myomas

Myomas can be as small as a pea or as large as a cantaloupe

—-% of fibroids are benign (noncancerous)

99%

The rare cancerous form of fibroids: Leiomyosarcoma, occurs in less than — per — cases

1 per 1000

By age 50, %-% of women will have detectable fibroids. Symptomps will occur in %-% of these women

70-80, 25-30

Fibroids are present and symptomatic in %-% of black women

20-50%

— plays a role in fibroid growth

Estrogen

• Some birth control pills increase fibroid growth in -% of patients

60%

What are some symptoms of fibroids? (though majority of fibroids cause no symptoms & no health problems)

• Frequent urination

• Severe menstrual cramping

• Constipation

• Abdominal tenderness 

• Bloating

• Severe menstrual bleeding (can cause anemia)

• Fibroids are - times more prevalent in black women than white women

3 times

• By age 50, up to -% of black women have fibroids

90

What are 3 ways fibroids can affect pregnancy?

• Fibroids obstruct the fallopian tubes, blocking the egg’s path to the uterus

• Interfere with blood supply to the endometrium

• Fibroids can crowd the baby in the uterus, causing complications during pregnancy

  • Ex., premature labor, breech births

What are the 4 types of uterine fibroids? (also explain what they are)

1. Submucosal: grow in the uterine cavity

2. Intramuscular: into the thickness of the uterine wall

3. subersersoal: on the surface of the uterus into the abdominal cavity

4. pedunculated: fibroids growing on a stalk off the uterus

What is a hysterectomy?

surgical removal of the entire uterus

What is the number 1 reason for hysterectomies in the U.S?

Fibroids

What is a myomectomy?

removes only the fibroids, leaving the uterus intact

What are the 3 types of myomectomy? And explain what they are?

1. traditional myomectomy: opening the entire abdomen

2. laparoscopic myomectomy: takes place inside the body, fibroid is cut into small pieces and removed

3. hysteroscopic myectomy: requires no abdominal incision. fibroids removed through vagina

Recurrence rate changes from %-% percent for myyometcomies

0-18

what are the general treatment options for fibroids?

• hysterectomy

• myomectomy

• alternative/holistic method like nutritional therapy

• radiation & chemotherapy

How do GnRH agonists treat fibroids? (drug treatment for fibroids)

lowers level of estrogen and trigger a medical menopause

How do anti-hormonal agents treat fibroids? What are some examples? (drug treatment for fibroids)

-Oppose estrogen such as progestin & Danazol

What is the most common major surgical procedure performed in the United States

hysterectomy

U.S women run about a % risk of having their uterus removed

25%

What are 3 ways to prevent fibroids?

• women should avoid weight gain after age 18 —> body weight tend to increase estrogen production which aggravates fibroid growth

• eat healthy

• routine health visits with a health care practioner can allow for early detection of a fibroid

What are the two new treatments in treating fibroids?

• MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery (MRgFUS)

• Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA)

• MRI-Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery (MRgFUS). Is it invasive or non-invasive? What are the advantages of it?

• Non invasive: image guided procedure using focused ultrasound waves to heat and destroy fibroid tissue

• advantages: outpatient procedure, preserves uterus, but not suitable for all fibroid sizes/locations

• Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA). Is it invasive or non-invasive? What are the advantages of it?

• Minimally invasive: lapapoarosscopic procedure that heats and destroys fibroids from the inside

• advatnagees: preserves uterus, short recovery time